商業綜合體夜間停車共享供給能力評估

湯天培 周溪召 朱森來

摘要：為解決居住區夜間停車問題，有必要開放鄰近居住區的商業綜合體停車泊位的夜間使用權限，并評估商業綜合體夜間停車共享供給能力。以江蘇省南通市為例，選取位于居住、商業綜合體混合地塊內的6個典型商業綜合體，采集停車行為數據，提出停車占用高峰比指標，采用多項式擬合分析商業綜合體夜間停車時間分布的一般規律，擬合優度檢驗值R2=0.986 6，結果表明，業態功能類似的商業綜合體夜間停車時間分布具有一致性特征。結合居住區停車行為數據，構建商業綜合體夜間停車共享供給能力評估模型，擬合標定模型參數。實例分析表明，商業綜合體夜間可提供配建停車泊位總量的40% ～55%作為停車共享泊位，能填補居住區夜間停車的部分需求缺口。

關鍵詞： 城市交通; 停車共享; 供給能力; 商業綜合體

中圖分類號： U491.7 ? ?文獻標志碼： A

Abstract： In order to solve the problem of nighttime parking in residential areas， it is necessary to approve the nighttime access to parking lots in the commercial complexes adjacent to residential areas and assess the supply capacity of nighttime shared parking in the commercial complexes. Taking Nantong of Jiangsu province as an example， 6 typical commercial complexes in the mixed residential and commercial lands are selected， and the data of parking behavior are collected. A peak ratio index of parking occupancy is proposed. The general law of the commercial complexes nighttime parking time distribution is analyzed using the polynomial fitting based on the peak ratio index. The goodness of fit test value is 0.986 6. The results show that the nighttime parking time distribution of commercial complexes with similar land use function has consistent characteristics. A supply capacity assessment model of nighttime shared parking of commercial complexes is developed and the model parameters are calibrated based on the parking behavior data obtained from the residential areas. The case study demonstrates that the commercial complexes can provide 40% to 55% of the total allocated parking lots as nighttime shared parking lots， which can fill some of the residential areas nighttime parking demand gaps.

Key words： urban traffic; shared parking; supply capacity; commercial complex

0 引 言

“停車難”已經成為我國城市的交通頑疾之一，其中居住區的停車問題尤為突出，居住區停車配建規模無法滿足快速增長的停車需求，夜間停車矛盾日益嚴重。居住區停車供需矛盾的主要原因包括：居住區停車歷史配建指標不足，新的配建指標仍落后于主城區機動車保有量的增長速度;受現有相關政策的制約，居住區內停車挖潛難度大;“錯時停車”的相關協調機制困難重重，實施效果不佳;為規避夜間路邊停車白天不及時撤離的影響，居住區鄰近道路的夜間停車比例低。……