趙萍 鄭軍 劉潔 焦娜娜 楊琨 邢鳳梅


摘要 目的:探討構(gòu)建急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,為有效評(píng)價(jià)提供依據(jù)。方法:在查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、質(zhì)性訪談的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)小組討論,充分分析急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,以“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論”和“知信行理論”作為理論框架,形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的條目池。于2019年1月-2月,通過(guò)德?tīng)柗品ㄟM(jìn)行專家函詢,采用目的抽樣選取心血管內(nèi)科醫(yī)療及護(hù)理領(lǐng)域?qū)<?9名,進(jìn)行2輪咨詢確定評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。結(jié)果:兩輪專家的積極系數(shù)分別為100%和95%,經(jīng)過(guò)第一輪專家函詢,增加指標(biāo)6項(xiàng)、修改5項(xiàng)、刪除7項(xiàng);第二輪函詢后,一二三級(jí)指標(biāo)均未增減,修改2項(xiàng),一、二、三級(jí)指標(biāo)的Kendall's W分別為0.229、0.356、0.295(P<0.001),變異系數(shù)為0.065-0.138,根據(jù)篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),綜合專家函詢意見(jiàn)后,最終形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系包括一級(jí)指標(biāo)4個(gè)、二級(jí)指標(biāo)10個(gè)、三級(jí)指標(biāo)54個(gè)。結(jié)論:本研究構(gòu)建的急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系專家意見(jiàn)的協(xié)調(diào)程度好,具有科學(xué)性和實(shí)用性。
關(guān)鍵詞 急性冠脈綜合征;居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn);德?tīng)柗品?/p>
中圖分類號(hào)? R541.4? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? B? ? 文章編號(hào)? 1671-0223(2020)06-061-05
STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HOME SAFETY RISK EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME Zhao Ping,Zheng Jun,Liu Jie,et al.Nursing and Rehabilitation College of North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei Tangshan 063210;Tangshan People's Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China
Abstract? Objective To explore the establishment of home safety risk assessment index system for patients with acute coronary syndrome .Methods On the basis of consulting relevant literature and qualitative interviews, the risk factors of home-based safety for patients with acute coronary syndrome were fully analyzed through group discussion, and an entry pool of home-based safety risk assessment index system for patients with acute coronary syndrome was formed with "risk management theory" and "knowledge, faith and behavior theory" as the theoretical framework.From January to February 2019, expert consultation was conducted through the Delphi method, and 19 experts in the field of cardiovascular medicine and nursing were sampled by purpose to determine the evaluation index system through two rounds of consultation.Results The positive coefficients of the two rounds of experts were 100% and 95% respectively. After the first round of expert consultation, 6 indicators were added, 5 indicators were modified and 7 indicators were deleted.After the second round of enquiry, just a little three indexes did not increase or decrease, modify the two, one, two, three indicators of Kendall 's W were 0.229, 0.356, 0.295 (P < 0.001), the variation coefficient is 0.065 ~ 0.138, according to the screening criteria, after comprehensive enquiry for experts, eventually form home security risk evaluation index system in patients with acute coronary syndromes including indicators 4, 10, three-level index 54 secondary indicators.Conclusion The evaluation index system of home safety risk for patients with acute coronary syndrome constructed in this study has a good degree of coordination of expert opinions, which is scientific and practical.
2.5.2 第2輪函詢結(jié)果 第2輪函詢結(jié)束后,一、二、三級(jí)指標(biāo)均未增減,結(jié)合專家意見(jiàn),修改三級(jí)指標(biāo)2項(xiàng),“A3.3了解如何預(yù)防急性冠脈綜合征復(fù)發(fā)和其他的心血管事件嗎”修改為“了解如何預(yù)防急性冠脈綜合征復(fù)發(fā)及相關(guān)的心血管事件嗎”,“B1.4應(yīng)該控制體重增長(zhǎng)”修改為“應(yīng)該控制體重”。最終形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系一級(jí)指標(biāo)4個(gè)、二級(jí)指標(biāo)10個(gè)、三級(jí)指標(biāo)54個(gè),見(jiàn)表1。
3討論
3.1急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系內(nèi)容的可靠性
本研究參與完成2輪函詢問(wèn)卷的19名心內(nèi)科的臨床醫(yī)護(hù)專家在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域具有良好的代表性。2輪函詢專家的積極系數(shù)分別為100%和95%,說(shuō)明函詢專家對(duì)本研究的積極性較高,關(guān)注較多。專家中碩士及以上學(xué)歷者13名(68.42%),副高及以上職稱者14名(73.68%),平均工作年限19.32±3.28年,表明函詢專家對(duì)本領(lǐng)域研究?jī)?nèi)容有較豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和深厚的理論知識(shí)。第1輪函詢中有12名專家提出23條建議,第2輪中有2名專家提出2條文字建議,表明函詢專家對(duì)本研究指標(biāo)的意見(jiàn)趨于一致。此外,本研究?jī)奢喓儗<业臋?quán)威系數(shù)為0.860和0.866,專家權(quán)威系數(shù)較高,確保了函詢結(jié)果的可靠性。
3.2急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估具有實(shí)用性
家庭環(huán)境安全對(duì)于患者康復(fù)尤為重要,與在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)中進(jìn)行康復(fù)的患者相比,其居家康復(fù)涉及的護(hù)理人員更少、更缺乏專業(yè)性,造成患者安全問(wèn)題的外在因素更多,缺乏完善的安全預(yù)防和突發(fā)事件處理系統(tǒng)[6],危及患者的生命安全。本研究通過(guò)半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談心內(nèi)科醫(yī)護(hù)人員并聽(tīng)取其意見(jiàn),由相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的資深專家在函詢過(guò)程中給予可行性評(píng)定,多方面保證了評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的實(shí)際可用性。構(gòu)建的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系中,涵蓋了防范知識(shí)、防范態(tài)度、防范行為和社會(huì)心理4個(gè)維度,能夠較為全面的評(píng)估急性冠脈綜合征患者的居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Aparan[7]認(rèn)為能夠控制和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的有效途徑即為:根據(jù)有效評(píng)估結(jié)果制定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)的措施。重視急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的評(píng)估,在危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生之前,前瞻性采取積極有效的管理方法和干預(yù)措施,減少危害患者健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的存在,提升患者的居家康復(fù)安全指數(shù),提高患者的生活質(zhì)量水平[8-9]。
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[2020-03-10收稿]