稻蝦鱔綜合種養的經濟效益分析

梁潔　鄭國紅　呂亞兵　王曉寧　張奇　陳杰玉　緱敬偉　何緒剛

摘要：比較3種黃鱔放養密度（3 000、6 000、9 000尾/hm2，每個密度3個平行）的稻蝦鱔共作稻田與稻蝦共作稻田（對照組）的黃鱔及克氏原螯蝦生長狀況、經濟效益。經過109 d的養殖，克氏原螯蝦從平均5.13 g/尾增重至30.4 g/尾，黃鱔從平均42.6 g/尾增重至132.5 g/尾，黃鱔回捕率達到79.1%，高、中、低3個試驗組和對照組的凈利潤分別為79 120、72 882、63 213、50 820元/hm2。稻蝦鱔組水稻單產顯著高于稻蝦組，克氏原螯蝦單產較稻蝦組略有下降，但兩組之間沒有顯著差異。克氏原螯蝦終末體重及增重率顯著低于對照組，表明蝦稻田中適量放養黃鱔，會一定程度影響克氏原螯蝦的規格和產量，但帶來了水稻產量的增收并額外獲得了黃鱔的收入，可顯著增加蝦稻田綜合經濟效益。

關鍵詞：黃鱔;克氏原螯蝦;水稻;經濟效益

中圖分類號：F327? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2020）03-0189-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.041

Economic benefit analysis of integrated rice，shrimp and finless eel breeding

LIANG Jie1，ZHENG Guo-hong2，LYU Ya-bing1，WANG Xiao-ning1，ZHANG Qi1，

CHEN Jie-yu1，GOU Jing-wei1，HE Xu-gang1

（1.College of Fisheries/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture/National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquaculture，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China;2.Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic，Yichang 443000，Hubei，China）

Abstract： The growth status and economic benefits of finless eel （Monopterus albus） and shrimp（Procambarus clarkii） in rice-shrimp-finless eel co-cropped rice fields with three stocking densities of finless eel （3 000， 6 000， 9 000 tails/hm2， each with 3 parallels） and rice-shrimp co-cropped rice fields （control group） were compared. After 109 days of breeding， the weight of P. clarkii increased from an average of 5.13 g/tail to 30.4 g/tail. M. albus gains from an average of 42.6 g/tail to 132.5 g tail; and the recovery rate reached 79.1%. The net profit of the three test groups and the control group was 79 120， 72 882， 63 213， and 50 820 yuan/hm2. The rice yield of the rice-shrimp-finless eel group was significantly higher than that of the rice-shrimp group， and the yield of P. clarkii was slightly lower than that of the rice shrimp group， but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The terminal body weight and weight gain rate of P. clarkii were significantly lower than those of the control group， indicating that proper stocking of M. albus in shrimp paddy fields would affect the specifications and yield of P. clarkii to some extent. However， it has brought about an increase in rice production and additional income from M. albus， which can significantly increase the comprehensive economic benefits of shrimp and paddy fields.

Key words： Monopterus albus; Procambarus clarkii; Oryza sativa L.; economic benefit

稻漁共作是由水稻種植與魚、蝦、蟹等水產經濟動物養殖組成的互利共生復合生態農業系統，不僅能夠充分利用水體空間，還能帶來可觀的經濟效益[1]。其中，稻蝦鱔共作模式是將節約水體資源、減少化肥使用、促進水稻安全生產以及將黃鱔和克氏原螯蝦商品化增養殖有機結合的生態農業種養模式。目前，關于稻田養鰍、稻田養鱉和稻田養蛙的生產性研究報道較多[2-4]，但是對稻蝦鱔養殖過程中養殖經濟效益相關性的研究較少。本試驗設計了3種黃鱔放養密度的稻蝦鱔共作模式和1個對照組，每個組別2個平行。對稻蝦鱔共作模式的整體經濟效益進行分析，探討了低密度黃鱔放養模式對于水稻和克氏原螯蝦生長效果的影響，為選用比較合理的黃鱔放養密度提供了科學依據，并為進一步深入研究提供思路。……