長春市骨質疏松癥的危害和管理對策

關淼

[摘要] 作為常見的骨代謝性、全身性疾病，骨質疏松癥的主要特征是骨量不足、骨組織微結構被破壞，這種特征會降低骨骼強度，增加骨質脆性，使骨折的發生率大幅上升。該病可發生于各個年齡階段，但在絕經后女性與老年男性中更為多見，已經演變成危害人類健康的重要病癥。人口老齡化的加劇提高了骨質疏松癥的發病率，使患病群體不斷擴大。但是，大多數人仍未對骨質疏松癥有更深刻的認識，經常是癥狀嚴重后才去醫院診治，延誤病情的同時，也造成了國家和社會的經濟負擔。為了進一步了解誘發骨質疏松癥的危險因素，加強人們對骨質疏松的認識，該研究走訪了長春市骨質疏松患病人群，通過問卷調查法觀察患病群體的生活習慣，評估各項生活行為對骨質疏松的影響情況，探討出相關管理措施，以期為長春市當前的骨質疏松防控提供科學依據。

[關鍵詞] 骨質疏松;危險因素;管理;預防;措施

[中圖分類號] R580 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）02（a）-0046-03

Harm and Management Countermeasure of Osteoporosis in Changchun

GUAN Miao

Department of Orthopedics， Jilin Provincial People's Hospital， Changchun， Jilin Province， 130021 China

[Abstract] As a common bone metabolic and systemic disease， osteoporosis is mainly characterized by insufficient bone mass and destruction of bone tissue microstructure. This feature will reduce bone strength， increase bone fragility， and cause fractures rate risen sharply. The disease can occur at all ages， but it is more common in postmenopausal women and older men， and it has evolved into an important disease that endangers human health. The aging of the population has increased the incidence of osteoporosis and expanded the affected population. However， most people still do not have a deeper understanding of osteoporosis， and often go to the hospital for treatment after the symptoms are severe. At the same time， the disease is delayed， and it also causes an economic burden on the country and society. In order to further understand the risk factors that induce osteoporosis and strengthen people's understanding of osteoporosis， this study interviewed osteoporotic populations in Changchun City， observed the lifestyle habits of the affected populations through questionnaires， and assessed the effects of various lives behavior on osteoporosis， and explore related management measures， with a view to providing a scientific basis for the current prevention and control of osteoporosis in Changchun City.

[Key words] Osteoporosis; Risk factors; Management; Prevention; Measures

國民壽命的延長與城市化進程的加快使得骨質疏松發病率持續增長，調查顯示[1]，全世界骨質疏松患病人數在2億左右，其中，70歲以上男性患病率為14.2%～18.9%，女性患病率為40.0%～59.3%[2]。骨質疏松會給患者帶來慢性、長期疼痛，使其活動能力受限，在影響人們生活質量的同時，也嚴重危害著人類健康。作為多因素調控疾病，骨質疏松與環境、遺傳、生活習慣等因素存在著一定聯系[3]。該研究調查了長春市骨質疏松患病群體，搜集并閱讀了大量文獻資料，對骨質疏松癥的危險因素與管理措施進行了系統的總結和歸納，希望相關人員能夠提高對骨質疏松癥的關注度，在各個方面加強該病癥的防護措施。……