精神醫學專業學生提高職業認同培養職業精神對策

孫偉東　趙玉環　趙阿勐　李平　梁雪梅

[摘要] 由于精神障礙的病恥感根深蒂固，精神科醫生很容易出現情感衰竭和職業倦怠，明顯影響其職業認同，使精神醫學的發展舉步維艱。因此著重培養精神醫學專業學生的醫師職業精神，強化職業認同教育是符合我國國情，也是精神醫學教育工作者急需及應該解決的重要問題。文章從如何營造和諧的宏觀環境及進行積極的醫學教育策略改革兩方面，歸納總結提高精神醫學專業學生職業認同的具體措施。呼吁社會層面完善精神科醫生職業發展和配套機制等措施，學校層面注重提高學生的職業道德準則及其心理適應能力的培養，以提高我國精神科醫療服務質量。

[關鍵詞] 精神醫學;職業認同;職業精神;精神科醫生;精神科學生

[中圖分類號] R395 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）02（c）-0157-03

[Abstract] Due to the deep-rooted stigma of mental disorders， psychiatrists are prone to emotional failure and burnout， which obviously affects their professional identity and makes the development of psychiatry difficult. Therefore， it is in line with China's national conditions to strengthen the professional spirit of the doctors of psychiatric students and strengthen the professional identity education. It is also an important problem that psychiatric educators urgently need and should solve. The article summarizes the specific measures to improve the professional identity of students in psychiatric medicine from two aspects： how to create a harmonious macro environment and to carry out positive medical education strategy reform. Call to improve the psychiatrist's professional development and supporting mechanisms and other measures on the social level. At the school level， focus on improving students' professional ethics standards and the cultivation of their psychological adaptability in order to improve the quality of psychiatric medical services in China and to make a certain contribution.

[Key words] Specialty of psychiatry; Professional identity; Professional spirit; Psychiatrist; Students

醫師職業精神是醫務工作者應具備的基本素養，但在當前市場經濟背景條件下，醫療行業中職業精神缺失的現象非常普遍。主要表現為醫療衛生體制問題、醫師隊伍人文精神的缺失、部分醫生不能很好地協調患者利益和個人利益、醫療糾紛的增加、醫患關系的緊張等，嚴重制約我國進入和諧社會的進程[1]。新時代賦予醫師職業精神新的內涵，它不僅包括高超的專業技術，還要有高尚的人文素質和修養。也就是要求醫生對生活有深刻的理解、具有高尚的職業道德、團隊精神、法制觀念、健康的心態、高情商、更要“懂”患者，能夠與患者共情[2]。……