無錫市某中學一起水痘暴發疫情的現場流行病學調查

李杰　邵佳奇　趙強

[摘要] 目的 分析某中學水痘疫情的流行特征，為進一步開展水痘防控工作提供科學依據。方法 對2019年3月9日—3月27日無錫市錫山區某中學暴發的水痘疫情流行病學資料進行描述性分析。結果 該次水痘疫情總罹患率為0.46%，男女發病比為2：1。疫情持續19 d，僅出現1個發病高峰。疫情波及2個班級，為高一（3）班及高一（4）班，兩個班級位置相鄰。所有病例均為輕度出疹，皰疹和瘙癢各占93.33%，頭痛占60.00%，發熱和咽痛各占46.67%，惡心占6.67%。突破性水痘病例占所有病例的46.67%，接種年限為（13.00±1.41）年。結論 該次水痘暴發疫情主要為班級內人際接觸傳播，應繼續強化衛生與教育部門的聯動機制，并加強水痘疫苗接種，從而有效控制學校水痘疫情的發生和蔓延。

[關鍵詞] 水痘;暴發;流行病學調查;學校

[中圖分類號] R181.3;R725.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）02（b）-0154-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella epidemic in a middle school and provide scientific basis for further development of varicella prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis was performed on the epidemiological data of chickenpox outbreak in a middle school in Xishan District of Wuxi City from March 9 to March 27， 2019. Results The total incidence of chickenpox was 0.46%， and the male-to-female incidence ratio was 2：1. The epidemic lasted for 19 days with only one peak. The epidemic spread to two classes， Class One （3） and Class One （4）， with two classes located adjacent to each other. All cases had mild rash， with herpes and pruritus each accounting for 93.33%， headaches accounting for 60.00%， fever and sore throat each accounting for 46.67%， and nausea accounting for 6.67%. Breakthrough chickenpox cases accounted for 46.67% of all cases， and the vaccination period was （13.00±1.41）years. Conclusion The outbreak of chickenpox was mainly caused by personal contact within the class. The linkage mechanism between the health and education departments should be strengthened， and chickenpox vaccination should be strengthened to effectively control the occurrence and spread of chickenpox in schools.

[Key words] Chickenpox; Outbreak; Epidemiological investigation; School

水痘屬于急性呼吸道傳染病，它由水痘帶狀皰疹病毒（varicella-zoster virus，VZV）引起，主要通過飛沫及密切接觸傳播，易在集體機構中導致暴發或流行[1-3]。水痘傳染性強、傳播速度快，已成為引起學校突發公共衛生事件的主要傳染病之一[4]。該文對無錫市錫山區某中學的一起水痘暴發疫情進行流行病學分析，為進一步開展水痘防控工作提供科學依據。報道如下。

1? 對象與方法

1.1? 研究對象

2019年3月9日—3月27日，無錫市錫山區某中學內確診為“水痘”的學生或教師，共15例。疫情信息來源于傳染病報告信息管理系統和突發公共衛生事件管理信息系統，學校基本情況來源于無錫市教育局錫山分局。……