浙南地區耕地土壤酸化特點及控治對策

張麗君 吳學榮

摘要 ? ?為全面了解浙江南部地區耕地土壤酸化規律，為土壤酸化防治提供依據，利用近期獲得的溫州和麗水2個市20個縣（市、區）4 443個測定數據，統計分析了浙南地區耕地土壤酸堿度現狀及其區域分布特點。結果表明，浙南地區耕地主要由酸性（pH值介于4.5～5.5）和微酸性（pH值介于5.5～6.5）土壤組成，地貌與成土母質是控制這一地區耕地土壤酸度的關鍵因素，人為活動加劇了耕地土壤酸化。丘陵與河谷平原中土壤pH值低于5.5的耕地占比均在83%以上，土壤酸化問題非常嚴重;濱海平原耕地土壤以中性和微酸性為主。分析認為，浙南地區耕地土壤酸化治理重點是丘陵與河谷平原，需通過施用堿性物質進行降酸;濱海平原與水網平原應做好耕地土壤酸化的預防工作。

關鍵詞 ? ?耕地;土壤酸化;控治對策;浙南地區

中圖分類號 ? ?S153.4;S156 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A

文章編號 ? 1007-5739（2020）12-0201-02 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Characteristics ?and ?Control ?Countermeasures ?of ?Soil ?Acidification ?in ?Cultivated ?Land ?of ?Southern ?Zhejiang ?Province

ZHANG Li-jun ? ?WU Xue-rong

（Pingyang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau， Pingyang Zhejiang 325400）

Abstract ? ?To fully understand the characteristics of soil acidification of cultivated land in southern Zhejiang Province and provide basis for soil acidification control， total of 4 443 measured data were obtained from 20 counties of Wenzhou City and Lishui City. The status and geomorphic distribution characteristics of soil acidity and alkalinity of cultivated land in the southern Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The results showed that the cultivated land in the region was mainly composed of acidy soil （pH value of 4.5-5.5） and slightly acidy soil （pH value of 5.5-6.5）. Landform and parent materials were the key factors to control the acidity of the cultivated land in the region， and human activities aggravated the acidification of the cultivated land. The cultivated land with pH value <5.5 in both hilly and valley plain accounted for more than 83%， and soil acidification was very serious in the areas. The cultivated land in coastal plain was mainly neutral and slightly acidic. According to above results， the key areas for controlling soil acidification in the southern Zhejiang Province were hilly area and river valley plain. The alkaline substances needed to be applied to reduce acidity. The prevention work of soil acidification in the coastal plain and water network plain should be carried out.

Key words ? ?cultivated land; soil acidification; control countermeasure; southern Zhejiang Province

土壤酸化是中國當前耕地土壤退化的重要形式，是影響耕地可持續利用的主要限制因素[1-2]。近半個世紀以來，隨著工農業的發展，大氣酸降發生頻率和化肥用量的增加，酸化土壤的面積與酸化強度均呈現增加的趨勢[3-4]。土壤酸化對生態系統的危害是多方面的，既影響土壤本身，也會對作物及土壤周圍環境產生影響，包括改變土壤碳、氮、硫等養分的循環，降低土壤中鹽基元素的含量，降低土壤團聚體的穩定性，增加積累在土壤中的重金屬對作物和環境的危害，影響農產品品質，甚至影響陸地生態系統的功能[5-6]。……