唐月明 羅芳耀 沈學善


摘要 ? ?為明確黑美人、蓉紫芋5號2個紫色馬鈴薯品種的營養品質,以四川地區栽培的2個馬鈴薯品種為試驗材料,分析測定及評價其質量參數(單薯重、薯塊形狀、表皮顏色、芽眼深淺和個數、果肉硬度、干物質含量)和營養參數(淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、總酚、花青素、抗氧化能力)指標。結果表明,黑美人和蓉紫芋5號為紫皮紫肉倒錐形薯肉塊莖,干物質率約19%,其中蓉紫芋5號平均單薯重較重,黑美人質地較硬,但兩者差異較小;蓉紫芋5號的淀粉、可溶性糖、總酚及花青素含量高于黑美人,而黑美人的可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化值高于蓉紫芋5號。綜上所述,黑美人和蓉紫芋5號是適合大眾食用的高營養、低成本且富含抗氧化物質的糧食作物。
關鍵詞 ? ?紫色馬鈴薯;營養成分;質量性狀
中圖分類號 ? ?S532 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)15-0052-03 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Abstract ? ?In order to determine the nutritional quality of two purple potatoes of Heimeiren Rongziyu No. 5, two varieties of potatoes cultivated in Sichuan were used as test materials. Their quality parameters (single potato weight, potato shape, skin color, depth and number of bud eyes, pulp hardness, dry matter content) and nutritional parameters (starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein, total phenol, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity) were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: Heimeiren and Rongziyu No. 5 were purple inverted cone potato tubers, and the dry matter rate was about 19%. The average potato weight of Rongziyu No. 5 was slightly heavier than that of Heimeiren, and Heimeiren was slightly harder than Rongziyu No. 5; the content of starch, soluble sugar, total phenol and anthocyanin in Rongziyu No. 5 was slightly higher than that of Heimeiren, and the soluble protein and antioxidant value of Heimeiren was slightly higher than that of Rongziyu No. 5. Heimeiren and Rongziyu No. 5 were rich in antioxidants, and were a high-nutrition value and low-cost food crop suitable for public consumption.
Key words ? ?purple potato;nutrient content;quality parameter
馬鈴薯為一年生草本塊莖植物,由于成本低、產量高、適應性較強,是我國僅次于小麥、水稻、玉米之后的第四大糧食作物,是食品及加工產業重要的原料作物,素有“地下蘋果”之稱[1-2]。在自然界中有5 000多個馬鈴薯品種[3],除了常見的黃肉、白肉品種外,還有粉紅、紅、黑、紫等肉色的馬鈴薯。薯肉顏色主要由類胡蘿卜素和花色苷2類化合物決定,類胡蘿卜素使之呈白色、黃色或橘黃色[4],花色苷使之呈現紅、紫、藍、橙等彩色[5]。其中,紫色馬鈴薯營養豐富,不僅含有普通馬鈴薯的營養成分,還富含抗氧化物質花青素,對人體具有抗衰老、抗炎、抗癌等保健功能,比普通馬鈴薯更具發展潛力,是理想的功能保健食品[6-7]。……