陳邦清 王黎明 彭剛志



摘要 ? ?為了提高核桃種植管理水平,開展了施肥、修剪、藥防3種措施對(duì)核桃保果的影響研究。結(jié)果表明,單一措施應(yīng)用中施肥措施的保果數(shù)量最大,兩兩復(fù)合措施中與施肥有效組合的復(fù)合措施保果數(shù)量較大,說(shuō)明施肥在保果措施中的作用最大,生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中應(yīng)高度重視施肥技術(shù)措施;施肥、修剪、藥防三因素綜合措施應(yīng)用對(duì)核桃保果成效最明顯,在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中應(yīng)大力推廣。
關(guān)鍵詞 ? ?核桃;施肥;修剪;藥防;保果效果
中圖分類號(hào) ? ?S664.1 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 ? ?A
文章編號(hào) ? 1007-5739(2020)15-0061-02 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)
Abstract ? ?In order to improve the management level of walnut planting, the effects of fertilization, pruning and chemical control on fruit retention were studied. The results showed that the fruit number was the largest by applying fertilization measures alone in single-measure management, the number of fruit was relatively large by the compound measures combined fertilization with other measure in the double-measure management, indicating that fertilization plays the most important role in stabilizing yield. In the production practice, we should attach great importance to the technical measures of fertilization. The comprehensive application of the three factors of fertilization, pruning, and chemical control has significantly effect on walnut fruit retention, and should be vigorously promoted in production practice.
Key words ? ?walnut; fertilization; pruning; chemical control; fruit retention effect
宜昌地區(qū)核桃面積約4.67萬(wàn)hm2,大多分布在海拔600~1 400 m的半高山地區(qū),是產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧及鄉(xiāng)村振興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。施肥、修剪以及藥防是核桃樹栽培的重要生產(chǎn)措施,也是核桃種植者重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)支出環(huán)節(jié)[1-2]。本研究比較了施肥、修剪、藥防3種措施對(duì)核桃保果的影響,以期為核桃生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐提供指導(dǎo)。
1 ? ?材料與方法
1.1 ? ?試驗(yàn)地概況
選擇遠(yuǎn)安縣洋坪鎮(zhèn)任家崗林場(chǎng)核桃園(簡(jiǎn)稱遠(yuǎn)安任家崗)、興山縣黃糧鎮(zhèn)界牌埡村梨花嘴核桃園(簡(jiǎn)稱興山黃糧)、長(zhǎng)陽(yáng)縣榔坪鎮(zhèn)關(guān)口埡村秦明軍核桃園(簡(jiǎn)稱長(zhǎng)陽(yáng)關(guān)口埡)、夷陵區(qū)樟村坪鎮(zhèn)栗林河村走馬嶺核桃園(簡(jiǎn)稱夷陵栗林河)4個(gè)核桃園作為試驗(yàn)地。各園都處于初結(jié)果期,2017年均未收獲干果。同一個(gè)核桃園中的試驗(yàn)樹樹齡、品種相同。基本情況見表1。
1.2 ? ?試驗(yàn)材料
1.2.1 ? ?供試果樹。試驗(yàn)果樹為核桃樹,品種為遼核和清香。
1.2.2 ? ?肥料。蒙鼎底肥(有效活菌數(shù)≥2 000萬(wàn)個(gè)/g,腐殖酸……