會寧高原蘋果種植氣候適宜性分析及對策

貴強 袁曉東 南炳江

摘要 ? ?本文基于最新氣象觀測和氣候統(tǒng)計資料，分析了會寧地區(qū)高原蘋果生長的適宜性氣候條件和主要氣象災害因子，探討了氣候變化對會寧高原蘋果種植的適宜性影響和相應對策。研究表明，會寧高原蘋果種植區(qū)獨特的地理位置和適宜的氣候條件能夠滿足高原優(yōu)質(zhì)蘋果生長發(fā)育需求，影響會寧高原蘋果種植的氣象災害因子主要有冰雹、倒春寒（花期凍害）和干旱;氣候變化對高原蘋果種植適宜性的影響是全方位的，建議基于氣象災害風險管理，合理利用氣候資源，因時因地制宜進行“適宜性種植”。

關鍵詞 ? ?高原蘋果;氣候適宜性;氣候變化;氣象災害;對策;甘肅會寧

中圖分類號 ? ?S661.1 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A

文章編號 ? 1007-5739（2020）15-0100-02 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）

Abstract ? ?In this paper， based on the latest meteorological observations data and climate statistics， the suitable climatic conditions and main meteorological disaster factors for apple growth were analyzed in Huining area， the effects of climate change on the suitability of apple planting in Huining plateau and corresponding countermeasures were discussed. It was found that the unique geographical location and suitable climatic conditions in the apple growing area of Huining plateau could meet the growth and development needs of high quality apple growing in plateau. The main meteorological disaster factors affecting apple planting in Huining plateau were hail， late spring cold （frostbite in flowering period） and drought. The influence of climate change on the suitability of apple planting in plateau is all-around. It is suggested that based on meteorological disaster risk management， reasonable utilization of climate resources should be made， and suitable planting should be carried out according to local conditions.

Key words ? ?plateau apple; climatic suitability; climate change; meteorological disaster; countermeasure; Huining Gansu

氣候變化將直接引起氣候要素變化，進而影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。蘋果作為典型的溫帶落葉果樹，氣候條件更是蘋果地帶性適生分布和品質(zhì)優(yōu)劣的前提和基礎[1]。會寧位于三大高原交接地帶，屬中溫帶半干旱氣候區(qū)，地處蘋果最佳種植地帶北緯35.72°，海拔高、土層深厚、土壤肥沃、雨熱同期、地域光照時間長、晝夜溫差大、無工業(yè)污染，具有種植綠色無污染優(yōu)質(zhì)蘋果（特別是高寒性果木蘋果）得天獨厚的地理氣候條件。目前，高原蘋果是革命老區(qū)會寧的一項重要產(chǎn)業(yè)精準扶貧策略，科學合理發(fā)展高原蘋果種植應充分探討種植區(qū)光、熱、水等氣候資源，同時也要考慮氣候變化帶來的影響。本文從……