姜永偉



摘要 ? ?本文研究了國內(nèi)外標準對含細菌水樣保存時間的規(guī)定,4 ℃和10 ℃條件下開展了低、中、高3個濃度水樣連續(xù)24 h條件試驗。結(jié)果表明,4 ℃和10 ℃條件下,24 h內(nèi)測定細菌總數(shù)的結(jié)果在統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義上無顯著性差異;4 ℃條件下,24 h內(nèi)中濃度水樣細菌總數(shù)計數(shù)結(jié)果在統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義上無顯著性差異;低濃度和高濃度水樣有顯著性差異。建議水樣的保存時間不宜超過6 h。
關(guān)鍵詞 ? ?含細菌水樣;保存時間;條件試驗;淡水水體
中圖分類號 ? ?X832 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)15-0182-02 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標識碼(OSID)
Abstract ? ?The domestic and international standards for the preservation time of water samples containing bacteria were studied. The 24 h continuous condition test of water samples with low, medium and high concentrations were carried out at 4 ℃ and 10 ℃. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the total bacteria in 24 hours between 4 ℃ and 10 ℃. At 4 ℃,there was no significant difference in the total bacteria in the medium concentration samples within 24 hours, but there were significant differences between low concentration and high concentration samples. It is suggested that the preservation time of water sample should not exceed 6 hours.
Key words ? ?water sample containing bacteria; preservation time; condition test; fresh water
《水質(zhì) 細菌總數(shù)的測定 平皿計數(shù)法》(HJ 1000—2018)[1]中規(guī)定,細菌總數(shù)是指36 ℃培養(yǎng)48 h,樣品在營養(yǎng)瓊脂上所生長的需氧菌和兼性厭氧菌菌落總數(shù)。在水環(huán)境微生物檢測中,由于細菌繁殖速度快,含細菌的水樣保存時間限制成為遠距離運輸難以克服的困難。
國內(nèi)外標準對于水樣的保存時間多規(guī)定在6 h以內(nèi)(表1),個別標準如 《水質(zhì)-大腸桿菌和大腸菌群的計數(shù)-最大可能數(shù)法》(ISO 9308-2—2012)[2]將時間延長至18 h。為驗證細菌樣品的最大保存時間,本文選取低、中、高3個濃度水樣,在4 ℃和10 ℃保存溫度下,開展了1次/h、連續(xù)24 h的條件試驗。
1 ? ?試驗方法
就近采集低濃度、中濃度和高濃度3個濃度水樣,充分混勻后分裝于一系列樣品瓶內(nèi),然后分別放置在4 ℃和10 ℃冰箱中冷藏保存,每小時取1瓶水樣,混勻后用平皿計數(shù)法在無菌操作間中接種并培養(yǎng)48 h后,計數(shù)平皿上生長的細菌菌落總數(shù)。
2 ? ?結(jié)果與分析
48 h平皿上生長的細菌菌落總數(shù)結(jié)果見表2。同時,將以上結(jié)果經(jīng)對數(shù)處理后進行配對T檢驗,結(jié)果見表3。……