田慧 湯光玉 鄧戰(zhàn)滿


摘要 ? ?氣象災(zāi)害作為災(zāi)害的子領(lǐng)域,具有自然和社會雙重屬性。為了做好氣象災(zāi)害防御工作,在法治背景下對氣象災(zāi)害防御綜合服務(wù)是值得深入研究的問題。本文從我國氣象災(zāi)害防御法律體系的構(gòu)建及氣象災(zāi)害防御綜合服務(wù)的定義和內(nèi)容著手,通過研究國外氣象防災(zāi)及氣象服務(wù)模式,思考在法治背景下發(fā)展氣象災(zāi)害防御綜合服務(wù),提出結(jié)合法律法規(guī)拓展氣象災(zāi)害防御服務(wù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)容,開展氣象災(zāi)害司法鑒定,為社會提供專業(yè)法律服務(wù),為氣象事業(yè)發(fā)展提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支撐。以岳麓山為例闡述氣象災(zāi)害防御綜合服務(wù)的內(nèi)容,以期為氣象災(zāi)害防御綜合服務(wù)提供借鑒和參考。
關(guān)鍵詞 ? ?氣象災(zāi)害防御;氣象服務(wù);司法鑒定;風(fēng)險評估
中圖分類號 ? ?P411 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)15-0195-04 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)
Abstract ? ?As a subfield of disasters, meteorological disaster has both natural and social attributes. In order to perform a good job in the prevention of meteorological disasters, the comprehensive service of meteorological disasters defense under the background of the rule of law is an issue worthy of in-depth study. Starting from the establishment of China′s legal system for meteorological disaster prevention and the definition and content of comprehensive services for meteorological disaster prevention, this paper studied the development of comprehensive services for meteorological disaster prevention under the rule of law through examining the development of meteorological disaster prevention and meteorological service models abroad. In this paper, it is proposed to expand the content of meteorological disaster defense services in combination with laws and regulations, and carry out judicial identification of meteorological disasters, thus providing professional legal services to the society and economic support for the development of meteorological undertakings. Taking Yuelu Mountain as an example, the content of comprehensive services for meteorological disaster defense was described, in order to provide reference for the comprehensive service of meteorological disaster prevention.
Key words ? ?meteorological disaster prevention; meteorological service; judicial expertise; risk assessment
自然災(zāi)害是指在特定地區(qū),由于外部或內(nèi)部自然原因?qū)θ祟惿⒇敭a(chǎn)造成破壞性影響,使得該地區(qū)喪失其全部或部分功能的社會現(xiàn)象。各種災(zāi)害只有對人類與人類社會造成危害作用才能稱其為災(zāi)害,離開人類社會這一受體,所謂災(zāi)害便沒有意義[1]。一次天氣變化的過程如果造成人員傷亡、財富損失,即具有災(zāi)害的特性。因此,天氣過程演變造成的自然災(zāi)害就是氣象災(zāi)害。氣象災(zāi)害是自然災(zāi)害的一種,是災(zāi)害的子領(lǐng)域,具有自然和社會雙重屬性。
1 ? ?人類對氣象災(zāi)害防御的歷史變遷
自從有人類社會以來,人類就在不斷與天氣斗爭。……