羅齊軍 鄭選梅 李紅



摘要 ? ?為比較分析木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶3種不同酶水解牡蠣獲得的蛋白產物抗氧化活性和功能特性,本文采用木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶3種不同酶水解牡蠣蛋白獲得水解物,并分別測定它們在不同pH值下的溶解度、乳化性以及不同濃度水解物的還原能力、DPPH自由基清除率和Fe2+螯合能力。結果表明,3種酶水解物都有較高的溶解度(P<0.01),胰蛋白酶產生的水解物溶解度最高,94.8%(P<0.05);水解物溶解度和乳化活性指數在pH值為4時顯著降低(P<0.05)。牡蠣蛋白質水解產物的還原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和金屬螯合活性隨濃度的增加而增強,其中胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的水解物抗氧化能力較強(P<0.01)。3種蛋白酶水解牡蠣蛋白可獲得抗氧化活性強、溶解度高的水解物,并受濃度和pH值的影響,它們的水解物可作為一種潛在的抗氧化功能多肽利用。
關鍵詞 ? ?牡蠣;蛋白水解物;抗氧化性;功能特性
中圖分類號 ? ?TS254.1 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)15-0224-03 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Abstract ? ?In order to analyze the antioxidant activities and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from oysters treated with papain, pepsin and trypsin, hydrolyzate was obtained by hydrolyzing protein of oysters with papain, pepsin and trypsin, the solubility and emulsifying ability were determined under different pH value, the reducing ability, DPPH free radical scavenging rate and Fe2+ chelation ability of hydrolysate with different concentrations were determined. The results showed that the solubility rate of three enzyme hydrolysates was higher (P<0.01), and the hydrolysate produced by trypsin was the highest, reached 94.8% (P<0.05), and the hydrolysate solubility and emulsifying activity decreased significantly when pH value was 4 (P<0.05). The reducing ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability and metal chelation activity of oyster protein hydrolysate increased with the increase of concentration, the hydrdysates treated by trypsin and pepsin had stronger antioxidant capacity (P<0.01). Protein hydrolysates from oyster treated by three enzymes had high antioxidant activity and high solubility affected by the concentration and pH value. Hydrolysates obtained by these methods can be used as a potential antioxidant functional peptide.
Key words ? ?oyster;protein hydrolysate;antioxidant;functional property
蛋白質水解物是一種源于動植物等天然蛋白經加酸或蛋白質水解酶加熱水解并通過分離純化后獲得的產物[1],有些水解物在其母蛋白序列中并無活性,釋放出來才能表現其生理活性,這些水解產生的肽通常是2~20個氨基酸殘基的長度,大多數包含二肽和三肽,研究發現在吸收和利用效率方面要比未水解的蛋白質和游離氨基酸更為優越[2],因而其更能發揮營養作用。腸道以小分子肽的吸收為主,速度比氨基酸分子快[3],因為小分子肽可以減少底物的競爭,其運載能力要比單個氨基酸強[2]。一些小分子肽如二肽和三肽經過內臟消化后不被酶解直接被吸收,而更長氨基酸鏈的多肽可能需要被酶解成小分子短肽才能被吸收[4]。除了營養作用外,一些不同蛋白質水解物還有其他重要的生物學活性,大量營養學或醫學研究證明存在于動物、植物如大豆[5]、小麥面……