江門地區學齡前兒童運動體質調查

王松柏 孟偉 鄭松

摘要：目的 ?調查江門地區四市三區學齡前兒童的運動體質常模數據。方法 ?選取2019年江門市地區四市三區的學齡前兒童作為研究的整體，采用整群抽樣方法，結合分層抽樣及隨機抽樣方法，通過樣本估計計劃共收集12000名3～6歲學齡前兒童的運動體質數據，采用國家體育總局《國民體質測定標準》（幼兒部分）的中身體形態和素質兩類指標進行評定（身體形態指標：身高、體重;素質指標：10米折返跑、立定跳遠、網球擲遠、雙腳連續跳、坐位體前屈、走平衡木），并計算BMI指數。結果 ?最終收集到17787名3～6歲的學齡前兒童的運動體質數據，男性9436名，女性8351名。形體發育指標（身高、體重）在同年齡兒童中，男性優于女性;力量相關指標（10米折返跑、立定跳遠、網球擲遠）男性優勢更明顯;女性在肢體柔軟性、平衡性指標（坐體前屈、走平衡木）更優于男性。不同年齡段的男女兒童體質綜合評級分布基本一致，其中總的不合格率為6.02%，合格率為48.75%，良好率為30.61%，優秀率為14.61%。BMI與兒童運動體質關系密切，正常BMI兒童體質最好，超重兒童次之，肥胖兒童的總分最差。結論 ?江門地區3-6歲兒童的身體形態、身體素質的生長發育總體上符合學齡前兒童的基本規律。

關鍵詞：學齡前兒童;運動體質;體塊指數;體質干預

中圖分類號：R179 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.17.034

文章編號：1006-1959（2020）17-0117-05

Abstract：Objective ?To investigate the norm data of sports physique of preschool children in four cities and three districts in Jiangmen area.Methods ?Preschool children in four cities and three districts of Jiangmen City in 2019 were selected as the whole of the study. The cluster sampling method， combined with stratified sampling and random sampling methods， was used to collect 12，000 3-6 year old preschool children through the sample estimation plan. The physical fitness data of the National Sports General Administration of Chinas National Fitness Standards （Children's Part） were used to assess the two types of indicators （physical indicators： height and weight; quality indicators： 10-meter reentrant run， standing long jump， Throw a long tennis ball， jump with both feet continuously， bend forward while sitting， and walk the balance beam）， and calculated the BMI index. Results ?In the end， physical fitness data of 17，787，3-6 year old preschool children were collected， 9436 males and 8351 females. Physical development indicators （height， weight） among children of the same age， men were better than women; strength-related indicators （10-meter reentry running， standing long jump， tennis long throw） have more obvious advantages for men; womens flexibility and balance indicators （sitting forward and walking on the balance beam） were better than men. Male and female children of different ages had basically the same comprehensive rating distribution. Among them， the overall unqualified rate was 6.02%， the pass rate was 48.75%， the good rate was 30.61%， and the excellent rate was 14.61%. BMI was closely related to children's physical fitness. Normal BMI children had the best physical fitness， followed by overweight children， and obese children had the worst overall score.Conclusion ?The growth and development of 3-6 years old children in Jiangmen area generally conformed to the basic laws of preschool children.

Key words：Preschool children;Physical fitness;Body mass index;Physical intervention

體質（body mass）是指人體的質量，是在遺傳性和獲得性基礎上表現出來的人體形態結構、生理功能和心理因素的綜合的、相對穩定的特征[1]。據2000年、2005年和2010年3次國民（3～69歲）體質監測數據顯示我國學齡前兒童的運動體質有所下降，肥胖率有所上升[2-4]?！?br>