淺析非謂語動詞在英語寫作中的應用

張遠勝

摘要：恰當?shù)膽梅侵^語動詞對簡單句和復合句進行轉換，不僅句型多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結構緊湊，言簡意明。本文就非謂語動詞轉換簡單句、轉換復合句、轉換短文三個方面探討了非謂語動詞的應用。

關鍵詞：非謂語動詞；英語寫作；簡單句

中圖分類號：G632.0文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1992-7711（2020）05-0089

非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，《2019年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中對非謂語動詞列了三項：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。恰當?shù)膽梅侵^語動詞對簡單句和復合句進行轉換，不僅句型多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結構緊湊，言簡意明。相反，英語書面表達中出現(xiàn)過多的簡單句會讓人覺得單調乏味，句子與句子之間的關系顯得松散；而文章中過多地出現(xiàn)復合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費勁。2019年全國高考英語書面表達第五檔（21～25分）要求為：應用較多的語法結構和詞匯有效地使用詞句間的連接成分，使全文結構緊湊從而達到預期的寫作目的，這足以看出非謂語動詞在書面表達中的必要性。下面筆者就三個方面探討如何使用非謂語動詞。

一、非謂語動詞轉換簡單句

寫作時，可以利用非謂語動詞對兩個簡單句進行轉換，使其成為較高級的表達方式。轉換時可采用三步法。

第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。

（1）I found it difficult to solve the problem.

（2）I turned to the teacher for help.

第二步：讓句（2）作主句，用非謂語動詞改寫句（1）。

第三步：句（1）表示原因，其動詞found與主語I之間為主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語。

Finding it difficult to solve the problem， I turned to the teacher for help.

其他幾個轉換的例子如下。

1. （1）It is produced by our teachers and our senior students.

（2）It reflects years of hard work.

→Produced by our teachers and our senior students， it reflects years of hard work.（2018年高考英語全國II卷）

2. （1）Our school is equipped with two playgrounds as well as a splendid stadium.

（2）Our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports.

→Equipped with two playgrounds as well as a splendid stadium， our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports.（2018年高考英語全國III卷）

3. （1）We hold the tea bags in our hands.

（2）We took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.

→Holding the tea bags in our hands， we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.

二、非謂語動詞轉換復合句

用非謂語動詞轉換復合句比轉換簡單句要容易一些，因為需轉換的一般是從句部分，這時只需要判斷用何種非謂語動詞，再把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)即可，所以只需兩步。

第一步：寫出復合句。

After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months， we strongly desired to be the winner.

第二步：把after引導的時間狀語從句轉換為非謂語動詞，practice與we之間為主謂關系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時作狀語。

→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months， we strongly desired to be the winner.

其他幾個轉換的例子如下。

1.看到一輛車朝她而來，我伸出手把她拉了回來。

When I saw a car running towards her， I reached my hand out and pulled her back.

→Seeing a car running towards her， I reached my hand out and pulled her back.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

2.這里曾有一家化肥廠，位于城市的南邊。它每天釋放出大量有毒氣體，污染環(huán)境。

There was a large factory， which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas， which polluted the environment.

→There was a large factory， which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas， polluting the environment.

簡析：“原句”中分別由which引導兩個定語從句，重復且單調，將第二個定語從句轉換為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語后，不僅表達多樣，而且言簡意明。

3.由于老師的幫助，我的英語進步很大。因為我的英語進步很大，我確信我能考上更好的大學。

Because my teacher helps me， my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved， Im sure I will go to a better university.

→With my teacher helping me， my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved， Im sure I will go to a better university.

簡析：“原句”兩處重復出現(xiàn)由because引導的從句，讀起來很別扭。換用“with+現(xiàn)在分詞的復合結構”后，讀起來給人的感覺大不一樣。

三、非謂語動詞轉換短文（根據(jù)一般表達寫出該短文的高級表達）

假設你是無為三中的學生李華，得知某英文報社招聘兼職記者，請按下列要點給報社寫一封自薦信。內容要點為：1.表示感興趣；2.說明優(yōu)勢：知識面、英語水平、合作精神、相關經(jīng)歷；3.希望得到回復。

注意：1.100詞左右。

2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

一般表達為：

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im a student from Wuwei No.3 Middle School. Im quite interested in the news that you want some part-time reporters.

I think I am the right person for the job. As a student， Ive read different books. Furthermore， I am good at English and do well in speaking. Besides， Im easy to get along with and like working together with others. Above all， I once attended a course about the skills in broadcasting. So Im sure I can do the job well if I get the position.

I am looking forward to your reply soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

以上作文很少或沒有使用非謂語動詞，只能算是一篇普通作文，以下作文較多地使用了非謂語動詞，效果明顯不一樣。

高級表達為：

Dear Sir or Madam，

Im a student from Wuwei No.3 Middle School. I show great interest in the news that you want some part-time reporters.

I think I am surely qualified for the job. As a student， Ive read varieties of books， making it easy for me to cope with different unexpected situations. Furthermore， I have a good command of English and do particularly well in speaking. Besides， not only am I outgoing but also I have a strong sense of cooperation.Above all， I once attended a course about the skills in broadcasting， where Ive received some professional training. So Im sure I can do the job well if I get the position.

I am looking forward to your favorable reply soon.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

（作者單位：安徽省無為第三中學238300）