破解高考詞匯障礙之構詞法

湖北 龐 群

素養解讀

《高中英語新課程標準（2017）》要求學生“了解詞匯的詞根和詞綴”、“掌握詞性變化規律”和“運用構詞法擴大詞匯量”。在新課標的指導下，高考對構詞法的考查也越來越深入，主要體現在對派生詞與合成詞的考查上。派生詞由詞根加上前綴或后綴構成，合成詞一般由兩個或以上的詞根復合而成。在高考中，若詞根為考綱內詞匯，則其派生詞或合成詞一般不再給出中文釋義，這些詞多為超綱詞匯，但根據新課標要求，其屬于學生需要通過掌握規律來理解和猜測的詞匯，用于考查學生的詞匯意識和能力。因此，掌握派生詞與合成詞的組成規律與理解技巧對于掃清高考詞匯障礙十分重要。

品句會意

1.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀B)There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.__________

2.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀B)But books don't change,people do.And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.__________

3.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀B)Published in 1964,it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.__________

4.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀B)Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(隨筆)about everything and nothing.__________

5.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀C)Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says.__________

6.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀C)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.__________

7.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀D)In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.__________

8.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀D)In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.__________

9.(2020年全國乙卷閱讀D)35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?__________

10. (2020年全國乙卷七選五)Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?__________

11.(2020年全國乙卷語法填空)The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探 測 器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin._____________

12.(2020年全國甲卷閱讀B)Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.__________

13.(2020年全國甲卷閱讀C)To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.__________

14.(2020年全國甲卷閱讀C)“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.__________

15.(2020年全國甲卷閱讀D)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.__________

16.(2020年全國甲卷閱讀D)32.Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.___________

17.(2020年全國甲卷七選五)Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.__________

18.(2020年全國甲卷語法填空)They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.__________

19. (2020年全國丙卷閱讀A)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.__________

20.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀A)Our journeytakes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.__________

21.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀A)Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.__________

22.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀B)Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanksfor notusingreal apes(猿)!”__________

23.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀B)The creative team behind“Apes”used motion-capture(動作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image（圖像）.___________

24.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀B)But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coatwearing film stars.__________

25. (2020年全國丙卷閱讀B)Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”___________

26.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀B)In some cases,it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.__________

27.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀C)Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.__________

28.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀C)The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.__________

29.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀D)35.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea__________

30.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀D)A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.__________

31.(2020年全國丙卷閱讀D)They madealiving as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.__________

32.(2020年全國丙卷七選五)Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.__________

33.(2020年全國丙卷語法填空……