
摘 要:詞匯在高中英語教學中既是重點也是難點。詞匯作業是課堂教學詞匯的延伸和強化,但是目前詞匯作業設計存在隨意化,內容碎片化,導致學生的詞匯學習效率低下。本文結合詞匯作業設計案例,在深度學習視角下,以提高學生的語言能力為目標,基于單元主題進行詞匯作業設計的路徑。
關鍵詞:深度學習;單元主題;詞匯作業
作者簡介:陳倩影,福建省福州高級中學。
一、引言
依據《普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版2020年修訂)》,高中英語詞匯學習活動以主題為引領,以語篇為依托,在語境中培養學生的詞塊意識,構建不同的詞匯語義網,改變碎片化的語言教學。學生需要在課后通過多模態語篇閱讀來不斷積累和運用詞匯,詞匯作業的重要性不言而喻。詞匯作業既是對課堂詞匯教學的拓展,也是課堂詞匯教學的重要補充。提高詞匯作業設計的有效度是一線高中英語教師必須要解決的問題。
深度學習強調學生通過實踐的方式對知識進行深度加工,將新學的知識納入個人的知識體系并遷移應用到真實的情境中解決問題,從而實現學生高階思維的培養目標, 助力學生英語學科核心素養的發展。
二、如何開展深度學習
教師可以通過明確教學目標、開發課程、調整教學策略和開展教學評價來發展學生的深度學習能力。教師通過創設情境,提出驅動性問題,引導學生小組合作學習,在這個過程中學會知識構建、身份構建和高階思維。董曉曉等認為,要實現深度學習,教師應該在課前設定指向思維發展的目標,課中創設具有挑戰性的真實情境,讓學生在問題探究活動中發展思維,在課后開展多元評價,幫助學生深度理解知識和發展高階能力。
三、深度學習視角下的高中英語單元詞匯作業設計路徑
傳統的高中英語詞匯作業存在針對性不足、單調枯燥、碎片化等問題。筆者以2019人教版高中英語必修第二冊Unit 1“Cultural Heritage”為例,闡述深度學習視角下高中英語單元詞匯作業設計路徑。本單元屬于“人與社會”主題語境,圍繞 “Cultural Heritage”話題展開,以多模態語篇呈現中外文化遺產的歷史與現狀、所面臨的問題,以及相應的解決辦法等。學生能夠結合自己所學知識和興趣點,積極思考如何力所能及地參與福州文化遺產保護,并付諸行動。
作業一:核心詞匯
What is heritage?
Exercise 1:Fill in the blanks with proper words and phrases related to cultural heritage
1.Cultural heritage is not only l? ?__________? to material objects that we can see and touch. It also consists of immaterial elements:performing arts, social practices, t
craftsmanship and skills p? ? __________? ? from generation to generation .
2.A new technologies for p? ? __________ ? ? ?and p
cultural relics of the Mogao Grottoes was launched(發布) Wednesday.
3.Established together by the Dunhuang Academy and Tencent, the lab hopes to combine its study in computer graphics techniques with d?__________? ? performances to create cultural and c? ?__________ ? ? ?products.
4.The warm and humid weather in Fuzhou have l? ?__________ ? the wide plantation of banyan trees.
Keys:略
Exercise 2:Translate the following paragraph into English,using the words given in the brackets.
福州有一個文化遺產保護組織正在采取行動保護文物,他們的行動引起了我們的關注(使用whose引導的定語從句)。和負責人林聰生進行了一次會面之后,我們更加深入地了解了他們行動的重要性。他們把福州傳統習俗遺存留影,并用最熟悉的福州方言解說照片,講述福州傳統習俗、故事和傳說。同時,他們將會把照片展示給公眾,以喚起他們的文化遺產保護意識并獲得他們的支持。
(preservation,attach importance to, awareness,fund,donate, historic,worthwhile)
Keys:略
【設計意圖】
在Exercise 1中,學生通過完成語境填詞,鞏固對單元核心詞匯詞形、詞性、詞義的掌握;在Exercise 2中,學生用核心詞匯進行翻譯,描述林聰生如何保護福州的文化遺產。
作業二:First impression of Fuzhou
Exercise1:Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns and adverbs.
Fuzhou, as the capital city of Fujian Province, locates on the southeast coast of China. Fuzhou has been endowed (賦予)with a good ecological (生態的)environment and rich natural resources. The warm and humid weather has led to the wide plantation of banyan trees 1.? ?__________? ?are evergreen with lush branches and leaves all year round. Legend has it that the prefect named Zhang Boyu advocated “organizing each household to plant banyan trees” , 2.? ? ?__________ ? ? made it possible that “Fuzhou city is full of green shades”, 3.? __________Fuzhou was named “the city of banyans”. During the Five Dynasties Period, Wang Shenzhi? expanded the area of Fuzhou City, and enclosed(圍住) the beautiful sceneries of the Yushan Hill, Wushan Hill and Pingshan Hill in the city to form a unique pattern of “hills , 4.?__________?Fuzhou is also known as the “Three Hills (Sanshan)”.
Exercise 2:? According to the passage, draw a mind map to Summarize phrases related to Fuzhou heritages.
Keys:
Exercise 1:
1.which? 2.which? 3.for which? 4.for which
Exercise 2:略
【設計意圖】
基于“福州文化遺產”主題語篇,學生不僅復習本單元目標語法限制性定語從句,而且基于新語篇總結概括“福州文化遺產”主題詞塊,為下一環節的話題詞匯運用夯實基礎,體現出作業的關聯性和綜合性,訓練學生對目標語言進行提取概括的能力。
作業三:Fascination of Fuzhou cultural heritage
A good taste
Exercise 1:Thinking and sharing
Draw the structure of the text
China rich in tastes
China has rich cooking traditions that have lasted thousands of years. A number of Chinese dishes and cooking styles enjoy huge popularity throughout the world.
2.“The development of Chinese civilization (文明) evolved around food culture,” Bian Jiang told China Daily.
3. Many important dates in China are marked with food. Spring Festival celebrations, for example, kick off with a bowl of “eight treasure” congee (八寶粥) on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It's followed by the preparation and eating of dumplings on Lunar New Year's Eve and Lunar New Year's Day.
4. Chinese cuisine has a unique theory. While the West has a food pyramid, the philosophy (哲學) of yin and yang can be found in most Chinese dishes.According to the philosophy, all natural phenomena (現象) have opposites that complement (補充) each other. A diet that has a balance of yin and yang foods is said to help prevent illness and emotional problems.
Exercise 2:
How to introduce your favorite Chinese dishes to foreign friends?Fill in the mind maps related to Fuzhou cuisines
Keys:略
作業四:Promotion of Fuzhou cultural heritage
Exercise 1:Cooperate to design a pamphlet(宣傳頁)
Hi, everyone! I'm Fraser,and I'm from the UK. Knowing that the World Heritage Committee's 44th session was chaired from Fuzhou successfully, I'm eager to visit Fuzhou and experience its cultural and natural heritages. However, I'm not sure where to go. Any ideas?
請四人一組合作設計“魅力福州,多彩非遺”深度主題游線路宣傳冊(pamphlet)。
目的地
景點
主要活動
Keys:略
【設計意圖】
筆者從單元大觀念的視角出發,在前三個部分的基礎上進行綜合性的整體輸出。通過項目式學習,學生的英語學科核心素養有所提升。學生能夠掌握文化遺產話題相關詞塊的表達方式,能夠用英語談論福州文化遺產并發表自己的看法。通過學習如何對他人進行基于事實的評價,提高學生的批判性思維能力。在對福州文化遺產進行推廣的項目活動中,學生為家鄉擁有璀璨的閩都文化而自豪。
四、結語
詞匯作業是檢驗學生課堂詞匯學習成果的重要途徑。為了提高詞匯作業的效度,教師在深度學習視角下進行詞匯作業設計,緊扣深度學習的“活動與體驗”特征和英語課堂上學生思維的發展過程,作業設計環環相扣、層層遞進,以促進學生主動對單元主題意義進行探究和深層思考,從而有效提高學生的詞匯學習效率和語用能力。
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