對外宣傳材料之英譯策略舉隅

王立童

(蘭州博文科技學院外國語學院，甘肅 蘭州 730101)

一、引言

改革開放以來，隨著國家經濟和文化事業的蓬勃發展，社會各單位，包括企業和事業單位，與境外相關領域增進交流的呼聲日益高漲。與此同時，對外宣傳材料便成為擴大單位影響力的必要手段。然而，欲達到良好的宣傳效果，首要任務便是保證外宣材料的英譯質量。但由于重視程度不夠，英譯工作把關不嚴，在為對外宣傳材料配備英文譯本時，英譯質量往往不盡如人意，難以達到預期的宣傳效果。

對外宣傳材料的英譯應當努力追求讓外國人不僅看得懂，而且看了覺得舒服，產生吸引力，要有繼續看下去的念頭。由于漢英兩種語言在遣詞造句方面差異懸殊，對外宣傳材料勢必要進行一番創作，其必然導致對原文進行整合和重新編寫，也會增加或刪減原文的相關文字和內容。要使得整合和增刪得當，則要在具體的翻譯過程中，根據實際需求而采取一些適當的翻譯策略。值得注意的是，每個譯者面對的宣傳文字材料的特點各不相同，所采取的策略或方法應以適用為前提。一般情況下，在外宣材料的英譯過程中人們通常會用到以下翻譯策略:①引經譯典，力求通俗；②刪繁就簡，拆卸八股；③整合原文，另起爐灶[3]。(何剛強，2015:100)

二、引經譯典，力求通俗

通常來講，為體現自身歷史之悠久，多數單位在對外宣傳時，會追溯回顧，引經據典自然是少不了的，所以，典故或名句常見于中文文本之中。對于中國讀者來說，因其深諳自己的文化，理解起來不會有太大問題。但這樣的文字一經翻譯成英文后，外國讀者卻很難理解。因為脫離上下文語境后，這樣的名句典故會讓西方的英文讀者茫然失措，不知所云。因此，譯文務必力求通俗易懂。如例1:

寒山寺，位于蘇州閶門外楓橋鎮上，距城約3.5千米，初建于501～519年(六朝時期梁代的天監年間)，原名妙利普明塔院。

相傳，貞觀年間(627～650)，名僧寒山和拾得兩人由天臺山來此處主持，改名為“寒山寺”。唐代詩人張繼的一首《楓橋夜泊》詩:“月落烏啼霜滿天，江楓漁火對愁眠。姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船”，使寒山寺名聞遐邇，成為蜚聲中外的游覽勝地。

(朱一飛、汪涵昌《中國文化勝跡故事》)

Hanshan Si or the Cold Mountain Temple is located in a small town named Fengqiao Zhen or Maple Bridge on the outskirts of Suzhou，at a distance of some 3.5 km from Chang Gate.First built between A.D.501 and A.D.519 in the Liang Dynasty of the the period of the Six Dynasties in Chinese history，it was initially named Miaolipuming Tayuan which presumably is a transliteration of a Sanskrit phrase.

It is said that in the Tang Dynasty(618～907)two famous monks from Tiantai Mountain in today's Zhejiang Province were given charge of the temple and the name was then changed to Hanshan Si.Interestingly，it was perhaps the poem entitled Mooring by Fengqiao at Night by Zhang Ji the Tang poet that made the temple a widely known tourist attraction in the world.Zhang Ji's poem runs as follows，as translated by Wu Juntao:

The crows caw to the falling moon；The frosty air fills the sky.

The fisher's lights gleam，the maples croon；With much sorrow I lie.On the outskirts of Suzhou Town；From Han Shan Temple，Hark!

The midnight vesper bells come down，Wafting to the rover's bark.[1]

(孫儷、巫漪云譯)

原文中引用了唐詩《楓橋夜泊》，只因寒山寺與這首古詩淵源頗深。寒山寺的“寒山”就其字面意思可理解為肅寒之山，有冷落肅殺之意象。安史之亂爆發后，詩人張繼避亂于蘇州城外，素有遠志的他，眼見破敗的現實，深感國家和自己的命運未卜，內心充滿痛苦和懷疑。在這黑暗之夜，寒鴉啼鳴，飛霜滿天，只有江邊的楓樹和零星的漁火與詩人相對，正當詩人懷揣愁緒難眠之時，城外寒山寺的鐘聲涉林渡水而來，聲聲叩打著詩人孤冷的心扉。此首詩因其含蓄深沉的意境流傳甚廣，寒山寺也自然因這首七絕而聞名于世。譯文通俗易懂，再現了詩人的處境和心境，不免叫人為之感嘆[4]。

三、刪繁就簡，拆卸八股

鑒于中英兩種語言在行文習慣上的差異，對中文里的套話空話、陳式化語言要盡可能精簡。較為切實可行的操作方法就是要應用“刪繁就簡，拆卸八股”的翻譯策略。顧名思義，“刪繁就簡”就是要將影響譯文流暢，語義重復的內容或一些瑣碎細節性文字一概省去，不作翻譯。如例2:

四川蓋碗茶之所以與眾不同，除了選用茉莉花茶、龍井、碧螺春等上品茶葉外，關鍵在于它的茶具；茶具中最有說道的又數茶蓋。茶蓋的好處真不少，一是茶沏好后蓋上它，可以很快地泡出茶味。二是可以用它將茶碗上漂浮的茶末和泡沫刮去，便于看茶、聞茶、喝茶。三是顧客需要立即飲茶時，還可以用來涼茶。即將茶蓋反扣過來，倒入茶汁，茶很快涼下來，便于快飲解渴。蓋碗茶具中還有“茶船”，就是一種鉛制的小碟兒，用以托茶，茶船托著茶碗，既不會燙著桌面，又便于端茶。這樣，茶碗、茶蓋、茶船三位一體，相得益彰，既實用，又美觀，構成了一組藝術品。

蓋碗茶茶具中，那把倒提著的銅壺也別有講究。四川人認為鐵壺或鋁壺燒出來的水，味道不佳，只有銅壺燒出的水，純真甜美，喝起來其味無窮，銅壺的保暖性能又勝過鐵壺、鋁壺，有利于為顧客倒茶添水。

(王從仁，2000:111-112)

Besides using high-grade tea such as jasmine tea，Dragon Well tea and“Biluochun”tea(both green tea)，what sets“gaiwan”tea apart is the tea set:a handleless teacup，a lid and a saucer，which is where“gaiwan”tea got its name，for“gaiwan”means“lidded teacup”.The most interesting part is the lid.It has many uses:First，it preserves the fragrance of tea in the cup；second，it can be used to skim off some tea dust and foam；and third，when you need to drink tea immediately after it is made，you can place the lid upside down and pour tea into it so that the tea will quickly cool down.The saucer，known locally as“tea boat”，is leaden and protects the table surface from being damaged by the hot bottom of the teacup as well as making it easier to lift the teacup.

The copper kettle used for“gaiwan”tea is another unique item.The Sichuan people believe that water boiled in an iron or aluminum kettle does not taste good.The copper kettle，which will retain the natural，sweet taste of water，is the best.Besides，a copper kettle holds the heat better than iron and aluminum.[2]

(Tran.Zhang Shaoning)

譯文對原文中的五處信息作了省譯處理，其中四處如“便于看茶、聞茶、喝茶”“便于快飲解渴”“喝起來其味無窮”“有利于為顧客倒茶添水”均為語義重復，故省譯。另外，譯文已將茶碗、茶蓋、茶船三者的主要功能介紹清楚，至于“……茶碗、茶蓋、茶船三位一體，相得益彰，既實用，又美觀，構成了一組藝術品”屬于次要信息，亦作出省譯處理。

四、整合原文，另起爐灶

翻譯過程中比較理想的情形是順著原文逐句譯出，但實難如愿。漢英兩種語言的差異致使句式更換或語序調整在翻譯過程中屢見不鮮，“另起爐灶”是比較適用的翻譯策略。如例3:

江蘇是歷史悠久、人文薈萃的文化強省，也是中國率先發展的經濟和科技強省。近年來，江蘇省與Y國友好交往日益密切，各領域合作不斷加強，雙方關系“越走越近”，亮點不斷，精彩紛呈。

Among all Chinese provinces，Jiangsu is known for its long history and rich culture.It also excels in economy and high technology.Recent years have seen closer exchanges and cooperation between Jiangsu and Y in a wide range of areas.Relations between Jiangsu and Y have created a catalogue of highlights.

中文第一句的句子結構是“江蘇是……，也是……”，為使譯文地道規范，英文將其處理成兩個句子來表達，且在第一個句子中舍棄了“文化強國”一詞，而以具體信息“悠久的歷史”和“豐富多彩的文化”來呈現。既然是“強省”，則肯定是“率先發展的”，即“經濟和科技走在前列”，因此，在第二句中，英文將其整合為:“It also excels in economy and high technology.”譯文處理得干凈利落。中文第二句中的“友好交往日益密切”“合作不斷加強”“關系‘越走越近’”以及“亮點不斷，精彩紛呈”均屬于前后同義，譯文“另起爐灶”，做了合并翻譯。如例4:

太極拳源于湖北省的武當山。它涵蓋著中國哲學之精髓，蘊藏著博大精深之玄機，變化無窮，奧妙之至。

河北省永年古城是太極拳中興之鄉，太極拳在這兒發展、傳播。走出神州，風行全球。一代宗師楊露禪、武禹襄、李亦裕在這塊養育他們的土地上，為太極拳的改造、發展、成熟、傳播付出了艱辛的努力，做出了不可磨滅的貢獻。

在武術界，有“陳家拳，楊氏傳”之說。楊露禪是永年古城南關人。他三下河南陳家溝，拜陳氏第十四世傳人陳長興為師，刻苦習拳18年之久，深得太極精髓，成為陳氏門徒中的佼佼者。楊露禪學成后返回永年故里。開場授拳，后又進京傳授太極拳術，從此，太極拳便由楊露禪傳播開來。楊露禪演練太極，大膽創新，改進陳氏拳法，為適應更多人健身的需求，改編了拳套動作。

Taijiquan，a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing，originates from Mount Wudang of Hubei Province.It contains the essence of Chinese philosophy and hoards the extensive and profound mysteries of a myriad of changes.Hence it is marvelous to the utmost.

The county seat of Yongnain，Hubei Province is the place that has given a new lease on life totaijiquan.From here，taijiquan has been developed and transmitted.It has gone out of China，becoming popular throughout the world.By the end of the Qing Dynasty，there had emerged three great masters，namely，Yang Luchan，Wu Yuxiang and Li Yiyu.Natured by the land，they have made their strenuous efforts to the reform，development，maturity and propagation oftaijiquan，and added indelible contribution to it.

Among martial arts circles，there is a saying that the Chen'squanwas handed down by the Yangs'Yang Luchan was born at the southern Gate of the ancient city of Yongnian.He had been to Chenjiagou three times and formally acknowledged Chen Changxing，the descendant and inheritor of the 14thgeneration of Chens'，as his master.There he practiced and learned assiduously the boxing arts for 18 years，penetrating deep into the essentials oftaijquan.Finally he became an outstanding figure among Chen's disciples.After the completion of his learning，he went back to his native place of Yongnian County.There he began to teach boxing in an open arena as his profession.Later he entered Beijing to pass on his boxing arts oftaiji.Thenceforth，taijiquanwas more and more popularized.In his display and practice of taiji，Yang Luchan was bold in blazing new trails and making innovations based on Chen's boxing arts.To fit in with the needs of body exercises and training，Yang Luchan reformulated the whole set of movements in taiji.[2]

首段譯文第一句補充說明“太極拳”是什么，便于英語讀者理解。第二句，中文由四個小分句構成，且呈“分—總”關系，“奧妙之至”總括前三個小句的句意。譯文將其整合成兩個分句，用兩個指稱代詞“it”銜接，使譯文簡潔明了，再現了原文的功能和意義。第三段中第二句，譯文將其拆分成兩個分句。前一分句先補充時間:清末時期，后介紹三名宗師的姓名。后一分句使用指稱代詞“they”銜接，用一整句表明三位宗師貢獻之大。第三段中，譯文“另起爐灶”，對原文既有整合，又有拆分，表達條理清楚，語義明確，符合英語行文習慣。

五、結語

總而言之，對外宣材料的翻譯工作需要有高深的學識，此項工作需要譯者能夠高屋建瓴地審視原文，要有合理的想象及另辟蹊徑的翻譯風格。當然，譯者扎實的英語寫作基本功也是不可或缺的。