英文摘要

Impactofnewurbanizationprocessonwaterresourcespressurefromtheperspectiveofspatialspillover/ZHANG Hengquan1, FANG Jing1, YANG Liu2, ZHANG Chenjun3(1.Business School,Hohai University， Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China; 3.School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China)

Abstract: Based on the panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) from 2004 to 2019, the new urbanization development index was comprehensively measured from population, economy, space, society and ecology, and the water resource pressure index of each region was calculated by combining the water footprint and supply-demand balance. The spatial econometric model is used to explore the impact of new urbanization development on the spatial spillover of water resources pressure. The results showed that under the normal panel regression, the development level of new urbanization in China was positively correlated with water resources pressure, and the positive effect of new urbanization on water resources pressure was strengthened after further adding the spatial correlation factors. The improvement of new urbanization development level will bring obvious positive spillover effect to neighboring provinces. Based on the perspective of space spillover, the contradictions between development needs and resource pressure within and among provinces are well depicted, which can provide useful reference for the realization of high-quality development of new urbanization.

Keywords: new urbanization; water resource pressure; spatial spillover effects; spatial econometric model

Dynamicrelationshipbetweeneconomic&socialdevelopmentandwaterresourcesutilizationintheYangtzeRiverBasinbasedonPECMmodel/WAN Lei,ZHANG Xingqi, GUO Xinya(School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

Abstract: In order to evaluate the comprehensive economic and social development level, the comprehensive water resources utilization level in the Yangtze River Basin and their internal relationship, the entropy method, panel cointegration theory and error correction model are used to analyze the panel Granger causality between economic & social development and water resource utilization in the basin from 2000 to 2017. The results show that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between economic & social development and water resource utilization in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.In the long-term, the relationship between economic & social development and water resource utilization was bidirectional in the upstream region, while the link from economic & social development to water resource utilization in the midstream region, and the link from water resource utilization to economic & social development in the downstream region were unidirectional. The economic & social development and water resources utilization in the upstream region have a higher degree of correlation. In the short-term, only the downstream region has a unidirectional relationship from economic & social development to water resources utilization. Based on the different causal relationships between the two, provinces and cities should formulate water resources policies according to local conditions when formulating economic development plans, in order to achieve the coordinated development of economic society and water resources.

Keywords: economic and social development; water resources utilization; entropy method; panel error correction model; causality test; Yangtze River Basin

BibliometricanalysisofresearchonwaterresourcesspatialequilibriuminChina/CHEN Yanping1,2， CHEN Shaoqi1,2, JIANG Qianqian1,2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Institute of Planning and Decision-Making, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to comprehensively and objectively understand the research status and development trend of this field in China, 1217 papers related to the spatial balance of water resources in the CNKI database from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed by CiteSpace from the perspective of bibliometrics. In the preliminary retrieval, using key words “spatial equilibrium of water resources ”, 121 pieces of related literature were found. In the second retrieval, “water resources” with “(space-time + space)” were selected as the subject words and the journals were limited to SCI,EI and CSSCI.1120 relevant pieces of literature were retrieved. The proportion of literature that coincided with the preliminary retrieval 121 pieces of literature reached about 20%, indicating that the second retrieval analysis is of great significance to the study of the spatial equilibrium of water resources. The research shows that the spatial balance of water resources in China is still in the initial stage of development,the number of publications in this field is increasing year by year, and the researchers are mainly teachers and students from the Ministry of Water Resources and universities majoring in water conservancy, but the core research group is small and lacks interdisciplinary cooperation, “spatial equilibrium” “temporal and spatial distribution”, and“ influencing factors ”are the hot areas of current research in the field of spatial equilibrium of water resources in China.It shows a trend from early qualitative policy interpretation to quantitative analysis using spatial equilibrium methods(Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation coefficient, GIS, etc.).

Keywords: spatial equilibrium of water resources; metrological analysis; CiteSpace; knowledge graph

Studyonthemechanismofcross-borderwaterresourcescooperationintheLancang-MekongRiverBasin/GU Xiangyi,YU Hui(Hohai University School of Law， Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Cross-border water resources cooperation is of great significance to the construction of a community of shared future for Lancang-Mekong countries. International cooperation is an inevitable choice to solve the current problems of cross-border water resources cooperation. Due to the complexity of international hard law formulation and the uncertainty of implementation effect, cross-border water resources cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin can be carried out from the perspective of international soft law. The Lancang-Mekong water resources cooperation mechanism has made a series of achievements in mechanism construction, information sharing, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges, but it still needs to be improved by establishing joint management institutions, expanding its influence, encouraging the joint participation of basin countries, and increasing the types of cooperation subjects, so as to accelerate the pace of building a community of shared future for Lancang-Mekong countries and promote the economic and social development of Lancang-Mekong countries.

Keywords: Lancang-Mekong Basin; cross-border water resources cooperation; international soft law; soft law governance; Lancang-Mekong community of shared future

Studyoncooperativedevelopmentstrategyofcross-borderriverwaterresourcesbasedonevolutionarygame/FENG Chen, WU Fengping(Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Carrying out cross-border river water resources cooperation is an effective way to solve the increasingly severe global shortage of freshwater resources and alleviate the conflict between resources and the environment. In order to analyze the strategic choices of various basin countries and promote the development of cross-border water resources cooperation, this paper introduces the excess benefits of cooperation, income distribution ratio, opportunity benefits, penalty costs and other influencing factors, and uses the evolutionary game model to discuss the dynamic evolution process of the game strategy of the basin countries and influencing factors. Further use the numerical simulation method to study the evolution law of inter-state strategies in cross-border river basins. The research shows that the lower the cost of water resources cooperation among river basin countries, the higher the excess returns generated by cooperative development, and the smaller the difference between the opportunity benefit of betrayal of cooperation and the penalty cost, all of which are conducive to the stable strategy of evolutionary games to cooperate with river basin countries development direction evolution. The distribution ratio of excess revenue affects the cooperation between countries in the basin, and the direction of influence depends on the cost and revenue distribution ratio of the input of both parties. Based on the discussion on the evolution law of inter-state cooperation in cross-border river basins, it can further provide reference for global cross-border river water resource dispute settlement and cooperative development.

Keywords: cross-border river; evolutionary game; water resources cooperation; evolutionary stabilization strategy; numerical simulation

Anecologicalprioritymulti-agentcooperativeallocationmodelofwaterresourcesinriverbasinsbasedonrewardandpunishmentmechanism/YU Lu1, NIU Wenjuan1, WANG Dandan1, XUE Liuyu1,2, QIU Lei1(1.Business School，Hohai University， Nanjing 211100， China 2.Office of the Leading Group for the Construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China)

Abstract: From ecological security to ecological priority, it is the requirement of the times for high-quality economic development to allocate water resources in the river basin. From the perspective of ecological priority, a multi-agent cooperative allocation model of water resources in the basin was built, in which the multi-attribute index system, the index weight design and the DEA method were integrated to realize the reward and punishment mechanism.The effectiveness of the model was verified by taking the Nansi Lake Basin as an example. The paper aims to achieve the design and model of the reward and punishment mechanism for water resources allocation under ecological priority, through which the local governments would be forced to take the road of high-quality development of “water conservation, economic transformation and ecological protection”.

Keywords: ecological priority;water resources allocation; reward and punishment mechanism;DEA cooperative game; Nansi Lake Basin

Water-energy-carbonnexusinYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt’sinter-provincialtrade/WANG Baoqian, XIAO Jiahui (Business School， Hohai University， Nanjing 211100， China)

Abstract: Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research area, this article applies the environmental input-output model to calculate the virtual water consumption, embodied energy consumption and embodied carbon emissions of inter-provincial trade. Combined with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, it can explore the water-energy-carbon nexus in different provinces and sectors. The results show that water, energy and carbon present significant consistency in different regions and sectors, among which the secondary industry and embodied energy-carbon have the strongest correlations.In the transfer of virtual water, embodied energy and embodied carbon,Jiangsu, Zhejiang were the hotspot areas, agricultural, construction industry and production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water were important sectors. To future investigate water-energy-carbon nexus characteristics, the 11 provinces and cities were divided into 3 categories from the perspective of trade balance, which reveals that embodied water-energy-carbon pressure transferred from developed areas to less developed areas unequally. Therefore, the Yangtze River Economic Belt should focus on implementing the goals of water conservation, energy conservation and carbon reduction in key regions and sectors, promote low-carbon and green development of the industrial structure, and accelerate the formation of a regional collaborative governance system.

Keywords: Yangtze River Economic Belt; water-energy-carbon nexus; environment input-output model; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

Studyonthesecurityriskof“water-energy-food”inmegacitiesunderextremeweather/ZHANG Changzheng1,2,3, SHEN Ting1,2, XU Shenhui4, YU Jie1,2(1. Business School， Hohai University, Nanjing 211100，China; 2. Institute of Industrial Economics, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 3. Collaborative Innovation Center of “World Water Valley” and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China; 4.China Great Wall Asset Management Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Branch, Nanjing 210001, China)

Abstract: Guided by the theory and practice of extreme weather events and the “water-energy- food” nexus in domestic and foreign mega cities, this paper analyzes the prominent problems of external water resources, energy and food pressure in mega cities under extreme weather, and concludes that the “water-energy- food ”security risk of mega cities under extreme weather is complex and the security system is fragile, and extreme weather stimulates the resource demand of mega cities in a short time. It will aggravate the risk of resource supply interruption, thus affecting the resource security of mega cities. The security risk resilience governance path of “hardware”governance (resilient infrastructure construction) and “software” governance (point line surface multi-agent collaborative governance) is adopted to meet the challenge of “water-energy-food”security risk governance of mega cities under the current extreme weather.

Keywords: extreme weather; mega cities; water- energy-food; safety risks; toughness governance

InfluenceofgrainvirtualwaterflowonthespatialequilibriumofwaterresourcesintheYellowRiverBasin/WU Zhaodan1, 2, 3，DING Xiaoqi1，CHEN Qiyong1，LI Tong1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Center of Africa Studies with One Belt One Road, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China)

Abstract: Gravity model and Penman formula were used to measure the grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin. Based on environmental, economic and social dimensions, the influence of grain virtual water flow on the spatial equilibrium of water resources in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed by comparing the Gini coefficient under the presence or not of virtual water flow. The results show that in the grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin in 2018， the flow of grain virtual water and virtual blue water in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia were net outflow; those two kinds of flow in Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai were net inflow. The grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin can promote the spatial equilibrium of water resources to a certain extent in the environmental, economic and social dimensions, and the promotion effect in the environmental dimension is relatively weak.

Keywords: Yellow River Basin; grain virtual water flow; spatial equilibrium; Gini coefficient

Influencingfactorsofwatershedecologicalcompensationefficiencybasedonsystemdynamics/YANG Gaosheng， WANG Qiaoling， LU Jiahui(Business School， Hohai University， Nanjing 211100， China)

Abstract: In order to analyze the factors affecting the level of the ecological compensation mechanism and improve the efficiency of ecological compensation in the river basin, on the basis of document sorting and analysis, the 18 influencing factors that affect the ecological compensation efficiency in the river basin are summarized and analyzed based on the system dynamics model. The research uses VENSIM software to conduct model simulation analysis, conduct sensitivity analysis on the input changes of each influencing factor, and obtain the influence of each factor on the overall level of the system. The factors are divided into key, important and secondary levels according to the impact strength, and the countermeasures and suggestions for the establishment of the compensation mechanism are put forward respectively.

Keywords: ecological compensation; watershed compensation efficiency； influence mechanism； system dynamics

EcologicalcompensationmechanismoflargewatershedinCentralandWesternChina/DING Shuang, DAI Yucai(School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China)

Abstract: In order to further improve the effectiveness and stability of the watershed ecological compensation mechanism in Central and Western China, using the extended emergy model to calculate the watershed ecological compensation standard, constructing a two-dimensional mechanism classification framework to refine the mechanism type, determining the compensation amounts of the watershed government and its superior government according to the compensator’s compensation willingness,and taking the Xinzhou section-Taiyuan section of the Fen River Basin as an example to confirm the feasibility of the mechanism.The results show that the uncoordinated mode of economic development and the complex and diverse ecological environment of large watershed in central and western China have increased the difficulty of local watershed ecological protection. The compensation standard should focus on ecological value, and special funds should be established as soon as possible under the compensation mechanism of watershed governments compensation and higher-level governments making-up to reasonably distribute the compensation amount, so as to ensure the effective implementation of the watershed ecological compensation policy.

Keywords: watershed ecological compensation mechanism; watershed ecological compensation standard;apportionment of compensation; large watershed in Central and Western China; Fen River Basin

Gamestudyonenvironmentalprotection-ecologicalcompensationbetweenupstreamanddownstreamregions/ZHENG Jiangli1,2， YANG Chuan1,2,3， ZHANG Kang1,2， WANG SEN1,2， HEI Liang1,2(1.Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources，Guangzhou 510611, China；2.Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute，Guangzhou 510611, China；3.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

Abstract: Since ecological compensation has economic effects and public participation effects, based on this feature, when systematically studying upstream and downstream environmental protection and ecological compensation, by defining specific variables that affect the behavior choices of both parties in the game, an environmental protection-ecological compensation between upstream and downstream is established the game model of cost-benefit. The results show that in order to protect the environment and delay economic development, the upstream will not implement the environmental protection strategy.If the downstream area needs to give a large compensation, it will not implement the ecological compensation measures; the implementation of environmental protection strategies in upstream areas and the adoption of ecological compensation measures in downstream areas need to be based on certain conditions. The weaker the initial economic situation of the upstream, the lower the willingness of the upstream region to carry out environmental protection; the greater the compensation from the downstream to the upstream, the greater the compensation in the downstream the willingness to take measures will decrease.The better the initial economic situation in the downstream area, the higher the willingness to take compensation measures in the downstream area. When conducting ecological compensation game research on upstream and downstream stakeholders, we must consider their own development status.

Keywords: watershed；upstream and downstream regions；environmental protection; ecological compensation； game

PathtorealizethevalueofdiversifiedecologicalproductsintheYellowRiverBasin/ZHANG Ying， XU Zhencai(Business School， Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the connotation of ecological products, the value realization mechanism of government-led, market transaction and social participation is analyzed, and three different types of practical exploration projects in the Yellow River Basin are illustrated, and then the difficulties in the realization of the value of ecological products are analyzed layer by layer. This paper proposes some innovative approaches, such as improving supply capacity, deepening market trading, strengthening financial support and enhancing cooperation level, to provide some theoretical support for reducing the obstacles of realizing the value of ecological products and improving the value diversification of ecological products in the Yellow River Basin.

Keywords: Yellow River Basin; ecological products; value realization; innovation path

Studyonthevalueofecologicalproductsinthelandscapedesignofurbanriversidegreenspace:taketheShin’anLakedesignareaasanexample/ZHU Shihua, XU Weiwei, LIU Mengyao, ZHENG Zehao, XIE Shaokai(Quzhou Xin’an Lake Management Center, Quzhou 324000, China)

Abstract: Urban riverside green space landscape design is an important way to realize the value of ecological products, and the insufficient regional characteristics of traditional urban riverside green space landscape lead to serious homogenization of ecological products and lack of attractiveness in the ecological product market. Starting from the design of urban riverside green space landscape engineering, taking Quzhou Xin’an Lake Jiming Wetland and Qinglong Wharf as examples, this paper discusses the importance of the combination of urban riverside landscape design and regional characteristics to enhance the realization of ecological product value, and puts forward the relevant safeguard measures for urban riverside green space landscape design from three aspects: perfect urban transportation network, construction of supporting facilities and ecological product value accounting of riverside green space landscape, so as to provide reference value for the value realization mechanism of urban riverside green space landscape ecological products.

Keywords: ecological products; value realization of ecological products; urban riverside green space; regionality; landscape design