養殖環境對銹斑蟳人工繁育及仔蟹生長的影響

摘要：為研究養殖環境對銹斑蟳人工繁殖及其仔蟹生長的影響，進行了養殖密度試驗、餌料試驗及其遮蔽物試驗。結果表明，①銹斑蟳仔蟹各階段體重隨著飼養密度增加呈先增加后減少的趨勢，第二階段D2組仔蟹的體重最大，150只/m2的養殖密度可以保證仔蟹正常發育；②生物餌料飼養組銹斑蟳仔蟹體重最低，銹斑蟳仔蟹體重最高的為混合飼料喂養組，銹斑蟳仔蟹殼寬和殼長最低的為生物餌料喂養組，銹斑蟳仔蟹存活率與仔蟹培育階段時間成反比；③不同遮蔽物試驗組之間銹斑蟳仔蟹體重具有明顯差異。S1組以及S3組銹斑蟳仔蟹體重較高。無遮蔽物情況下，銹斑蟳體重最低。

關鍵詞：銹斑蟳（Charybdis feriatus）；養殖環境；人工繁育；仔蟹生長

中圖分類號：S966" " " " "文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2023）08-0140-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.08.022 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of environment on the artificial breeding of Charybdis feriatus and the growth of juvenile crab

ZOU Xiong1， YANG Ming-qiu2， PU Li-yun2， LU Jian-xue1， XIA Lian-jun1， LIU Xin1

（1. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Shanghai" 200090， China； 2. Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences， Haikou" 571126， China）

Abstract： The impact of the current aquaculture environment on the artificial reproduction and juvenile crab growth of Charybdis feriatus was studied， and the breeding density test， bait test and shelter test were conducted. The results showed that， ①the weight of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab in each stage increased first and then decreased with the increase of breeding density. In the second stage， the weight of D2 group juvenile crab was the largest， indicating that the breeding density of 150 per square meter could ensure the normal development of juvenile crab weight； ②The biological feed feeding group had the lowest body weight of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab， while the mixed feed feeding group had the highest body weight of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab. The biological feed feeding group had the lowest shell width and length， and the survival rate of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab was inversely proportional to the incubation period of the juvenile crab； ③There was a significant difference in the body weight of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab between different shading test groups. The S1 and S3 groups of Charybdis feriatus juvenile crab had higher body weight values. Under the condition of no shelter， the body weight value of the Charybdis feriatus was the lowest.

Key words： Charybdis feriatus； aquaculture environment； artificial breeding； juvenile crab growth

銹斑蟳（Charybdis feriatus），別名花蟹，屬梭子蟹科。銹斑蟳頭胸甲為紅棕色，身體上具有黃色的條紋以及黃色斑紋，胸甲中部具有十字交叉紋。通常生活在沙泥巖、巖礁以及珊瑚礁淺水區域位置。銹斑蟳主要分布在日本、澳大利亞、印度、坦桑尼亞、南非、馬達加斯加等國家海域，中國銹斑蟳主要分布在臺灣、廣西、廣東、福建等海域。銹斑蟳蟹肉鮮美且個頭較大，自身花紋與其他蟹類不同，因此較受高端市場歡迎［1］。但由于過度捕撈和海面環境變化，銹斑蟳天然資源受到損壞，漁獲量逐漸減小。研究銹斑蟳人工培育技術能夠幫助增加銹斑蟳產量，從而豐富銹斑蟳資源［2，3］。

近年來，銹斑蟳人工養殖在中國快速發展，但是相關銹斑蟳人工繁育及水產養殖環境對銹斑蟳仔蟹生長影響的研究較少。……