中國冰球競技后備人才培養的現實困境與紓解方略

摘 要：基于建設中國式現代化體育強國的歷史方位，后備人才已成為我國冰球運動高質量發展的重要支撐。采用文獻資料、邏輯分析等研究方法發現在現階段我國冰球競技后備人才培養過程中，存在冰球人才社會儲備不足，制約后備力量培養規模；“一體化”人才培養體系不暢，“多元化”模式融合壁壘凸顯；體校傳統優勢逐步淡化，培養主體功能日益弱化；科智賦能訓練要素不足，教練執教能力亟待提升；冰球競賽體系搭建不暢，協會主體存在治理缺位的發展困境。研究得出紓解方略：加快冰球項目推廣普及，形成多元投入培養機制；新型舉國體制統籌多元模式，精準化理念融入培養全過程；深化體校教學服務改革，實施運動員全周期教育；多方協同完善科技保障，培養“大師級”冰球教練員；釋放冰球協會治理動能，發揮賽事培育杠桿功效。

關鍵詞：冰球競技；后備人才；現實困境；紓解方略

中圖分類號：G808

文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：1008－2808（2024）04－0035－07

Abstract：Based on the historical orientation of building China’s modern sports power， reserve talent has become an important support for the high-quality development of ice hockey in our country. By using the methods of literature and logical analysis， it is found that in the cultivation process of ice hockey reserve talents in China at this stage， there are many development dilemmas including insufficient social reserves of ice hockey talents， restricting the cultivation scale of reserve forces， the “integration” talent cultivation system is not smooth， the “diversified” mode integration barriers are prominent， the traditional advantages of sports schools are gradually weakening， the main function of cultivation is weakening， the elements of science and intelligence empowers training are insufficient，the coaching ability of the coach needs to be improved， the ice hockey competition system is not built smoothly， and the main body of the association has a lack of governance. The mitigation strategies studied include that accelerate the popularization of ice hockey events and form a multi-input cultivation mechanism; The new nationwide system plans multiple models and integrates precision concepts into the whole process of training; Deepen the reform of sports school teaching service and implement the whole-cycle education of athletes; Multi-party cooperation to improve scientific and technological support， cultivate “master” ice hockey coaches; Release the kinetic energy of the hockey association’s governance and give full play to the leverage effect of the game’s cultivation.

Key words：Ice hockey competition; Reserve talents; Realistic dilemmas; Mitigation strategies

黨的二十大報告提出，“以中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興”。中國式現代化是創新驅動的現代化，是高質量發展的現代化，更是人才引領、人才支撐的現代化。對標“邁向中國式現代化體育強國”這一體育事業發展新的歷史方位，體育將在中國式現代化進程中肩負更為重要的責任。競技體育作為體育強國建設過程中的核心場域之一，是我國體育事業發展的關鍵內核。競技體育人才則是建設體育強國的重要基石，也是衡量體育綜合實力和國際競爭力的重要標志［1］?！?br>