英文目錄與摘要（English Contents and Abstracts）

目錄與摘要（English Contents and Abstracts）"，"SubTitle":""，"Author":""，"Summary":"[Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations]Title： Rethinking Caesar's Aeneas Coin （RRC 458/1） from the Late Roman Republic……………………/3Authors： Zhang Hongxia， Post-doctoral Researcher， School of History an"，"Introduction":""，"Columns":"東亞歷史文化"，"Volume":""，"Content":"

[Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations]

Title： Rethinking Caesar's Aeneas Coin （RRC 458/1） from the Late Roman Republic……………………/3

Authors： Zhang Hongxia， Post-doctoral Researcher， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University，Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China; Sven Günther， Professor， Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations， Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China.

Abstract： It is often believed that Caesar's famous Aeneas coin （RRC 458/1） was issued in North Africa between 47 and 46 BC， but the evidence is relatively weak. The location of the relevant coin hoards only overlaps with the first part of Caesar's march from Gaul south to Italy and then to Africa. It can thus be speculated that the coin was made in Gaul， rather than in North Africa. The pattern of the Aeneas coin hints at the connection between Caesar and Venus in order to enhance personal prestige. This was likely method used by Caesar in the public opinion battle before and during his confrontation with Pompey， while not a blatant propaganda after taking control of Roman power as dictator. This consideration supports an earlier date of the Aeneas coin–being issued before or shortly after 49 BC. The iconographic study reveals the transformation of political identity that had been bound to aristocratic families under the guise of the republic interests but now depended more and more on individual commanders with their personal interests during Rome's transition from republican to imperial times.

Key words： Aeneas coins; civil war; Caesar; Pompey; Roman Republic; legitimacy

Title： A New Interpretation of Tacitus' Comments on Principate………………………………………………/15

Author： Ma Jiancheng， PhD Candidate， Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations， Northeast Normal"University， Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China.

Abstract： In the Annals （1.9-10）， Tacitus reviews the pros and cons of Augustus’ life. On the one hand，Tacitus acknowledges that Augustus indeed brought peace and order after a century of civil strife; on the other hand， he emphasizes that the peace under Augustus was a bloody peace because it came at the expense of the Senate. Despite the realistic need to maintain peace and stability in the empire， Tacitus is not hostile towards the Principate as a form of government. However， as a member of the Senate， Tacitus realizes that the military dictator tends to eliminate his competitors through violent means， and warns his readers against the degeneration of the Principate into a hereditary monarchy.

Key words： Tacitus; Augustus; Trajan; Hadrian; Principate

[Byzantine and the European Middle Ages]

Title： A Study of the Royal Legislation and Decrees of the Merovingian Kingdom…………………………/24

Authors： Dang Jiayu， PhD Candidate， Department of History， College of Liberal Arts， Jinan University， Guangzhou，

Guangdong， 510632， China; Li Yunfei， Professor， Department of History， College of Liberal Arts， Jinan"University， Guangzhou， Guangdong， 510632， China.

Abstract： Clovis， the founding monarch of the Merovingian Dynasty， took into account jurisprudence，history and reality， confirmed the effectiveness of traditional laws such as Roman law， church law and tribal law， and built a pluralistic legal order dominated by the royal power. In the sixth and seventh centuries， the Merovingian Kings further integrated the diverse legal traditions， formulated the royal decrees， and improved the legal governance system of the kingdom， which realized the transformation of the Frankish kingdom from a tribal regime in the late Empire to an early medieval state. Merovingian royal legislation played an important integration function in balancing the central legal relationship， enhancing the public nature of the royal power， consolidating the consensus of the king and subjects， and had a profound impact on the legal construction of the Carolingian dynasty.

Key words： Frankish Kingdom; Merovingian Dynasty; legislation; royal decrees; integration

Title： The Title of Ludwig II and the Political Changes in East Francia……………………………………/37

Authors： Xu Zebin， PhD Candidate， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University， Changchun， Jilin，130024， China; Wang Jinxin， Professor， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University，Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China.

Abstract： King Ludwig II of East Francia was mentioned by many different titles throughout his reign， reflecting different imaginations of the regime. An examination of the titles accepted by Ludwig himself， such as \"King of Bavaria\" and \"King of East Francia\"， reveals the correlations between these titles and the political changes in East Francia. A comparative analysis of the titles accepted by Ludwig II with the titles used only by other people reveals the differences between the early medieval Frankish regime and both classical Germania and modern Deutschland. Accordingly， the reign and ethnic identity of King Ludwig II should be re-evaluated.

Key words： Ludwig II; title; Deutsche; medieval politics

[History of Pre-Qin China]

Title： The Textual Structure and Music-Dance System of \"The Qin Dance of Duke Zhou\" in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips………………………………………………………………………………………………/49

Author： Li Shaohua， Lecturer， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University， Changchun， Jilin，130024， China.

Abstract： \"The Qin Dance of Duke Zhou\" （周公之琴舞） contained in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips is a script with title， preface and ten songs including symbols of music and lyric for official performance dated to the Zhou Dynasty. According to the title， qin（琴） is supposed to be used during the performance as the accompaniment instrument as well as prop. The term jiushu （九絉） appeared in preface indicates that this dance is a newer one plus nine structured performance recomposed based upon ancient nine-style dance. The indication marks within the lyrics qi（啟） and luan（亂） suggest that each scene of the performance is composed of two different parts of music. Different from Book of Songs， this pattern of record on bamboo slips lays stress on practical usage in guiding stage performance， which means that they were texts used by the music officials for training and performance.

Key words： The qin dance of Duke Zhou; jiushu; qi and luan; poems by musicians

Title： On the Meaning of \"Wu Qiwei Dongzhou Hu\" in The Analects of Confucius…………………………/61

Author： Fu Ruixun， Associate Professor， Department of History， Qinghai Normal University， Xining， Qinghai，810000， China.

Abstract： The meaning of \"wu qiwei Dongzhou hu\"（吾其為東周乎，I am concerned about the Eastern Zhou）in The Analects of Confucius has been debated in the academic circle. Four different interpretations have been raised. Among them， only the theory of that Dongzhou （東周） refers to Cheng Zhou（成周） is acceptable. By saying so， Confucius used the story of King Jing of Eastern Zhou（周敬王） as a metaphor to express his determination of restoring the Zhou ritual system. A clear analysis of the original meaning of this saying in The Analects of Confucius would be helpful to understand Confucius' practical logic of \"following the Zhou Dynasty\". It is also a meaningful practical case of using historical evidences to achieve interpretation of the Confucian classics.

Key words： Confucius; Eastern Zhou; Cheng Zhou; following the Zhou Dynasty; The Analects of Confucius

[Imperial China]

Title： On the Rule and Influence of the Qin Dynasty in Northeast China……………………………………/70

Authors： Li Deshan， Professor， Institute of Ancient Books Collation and Studies， Northeast Normal University，Changchun， Jilin， 130024， China; Feng Xue， PhD Candidate， School of History and Culture， Northeast Normal University， Changchun， Jilin， 130024，China.

Abstract： In 221 BC， State Qin conquered other six states and established the first centralized empire in Chinese history. The First Emperor abolished feudalism， employed prefecture-county system， and standardized writing and measurements. This empire inherited the administrative power from state Yan in the northeast region and further integrated this region into the unified multi-ethnic empire， that laid a solid foundation for the future development of this region and expanded the communication channel between this region and the central part of China.

Key words： Qin Dynasty; northeast China; rule; influence

Title： The Application of Zhi Documents in Qin and Han Times……………………………………………/80

Author： Wang Xiao， Lecturer， Department of Literature and History， Shandong Academy of Governance， Jinan，Shandong， 250014， China.

Abstract： Zhi（致） documents refer to a particular category of documents used by governmental officials during the Qin and Han dynasties. This type of documents might be used as cross-border passes with indication of the travelling personal and involved goods. It was also used for purposes such as delivering goods， levy conscription， proving governmental official and military personal retiring status. In these cases， zhi documents were often accompanied by other certificates such as quan（券） or fu（符）.

Key words： Zhi documents; Qin; Han; passes; quan; fu

Title： The Imperialization of the Local Level Administration in Northwest China during the Han and Tang Dynasties….……………………………………….………………………………………………….……/89

Authors： Liu Zaicong， Professor， School of History and Culture， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou，Gansu， 730070， China; Wei Duo， PhD Candidate， School of History and Culture， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou， Gansu， 730070， China.

Abstract： There are plentiful written documents dated to Qin to Tang period discovered in Gansu， Xinjiang， Qinghai， and the west of Inner Mongolia. Many of them contain materials concerning governmental administration in local and rural level. According to these materials， in the period of Emperor Wu of the West Han Dynasty， the prefecture-county system was introduced to the above-mentioned areas. Meanwhile， the township system was introduced to Hexi Corridor area. During the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasty period， the azimuth-oriented town name system and the li（里） system were implemented in Hexi Corridor and Turpan areas. During the Tang Dynasty， the same local and rural administrative system"was implemented further westward to the so called Xiyu （西域） area. The local and rural governmental administrative systems were more stable in comparison to the higher level systems in Xiyu area. Generally speaking， by the Tang Dynasty， the imperial administrative system had fully penetrated to local and rural level in the northwest part of China.

Key words： The local and rural administrative system; imperial society; unearthed documents

Title： A Study of the Labor Registration of Machuan Households during the Ming Dynasty………………/97

Author： Song Shangshang， Liberal Arts Post Doctorial Fellow， Department of History， Peking University， Beijing，100871， China.

Abstract： Machuan（馬船，horse ship） households responsible to provide fast and small ship transportation levy and related maintenance services to the government fell into a particular category in the household registration system in the Ming Dynasty. The total number of labors of this kind was about 20，000， located mainly in Jianghuai（江淮） and Jichuan（濟川） in Nanjing region. Since the Hongwu period， machuan households were spared of serving in the army， but were treated similar to the military households. In mid Hongzhi to early Jiajing period， the direct levy service of machuan households was replaced by monetary taxation， which turned out to be a total amount of 80，000 liang（兩，tael） of silver. This change reduced the burden of machuan households， as well as the tie of machuan households with the military system. This practice can be regarded as a foregoer of the so called one whip policy introduced in Wanli period.

Key words： Ming dynasty; machuan household; labor dispatch; monetary taxation; one whip policy

Title： The Punishment and Placement of the Rule Breaking Missionaries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties…….……………………………………………………………………………………………/109

Author： Chen Yufang， Lecturer， Department of Chinese History， College of Literature， Jilin University， Changchun，Jilin， 130012， China.

Abstract： There were many cases involving Catholics and missionaries in the Ming and Qing dynasties. When the court dealt with the relevant cases， the judicial principle of \"if a foreigner commits a crime， judge according to the law\" was always the basic reference. Meanwhile， the mixed use of judicial and executive power， legal rules， historical experience， national security， policy toward the Catholic Church， trade relations， the relationship between missionaries and the court， the court's policy and administration of special areas， and the attitude of the supreme ruler were all related factors. Specifically， from the late Ming Dynasty to the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty， the punishment of rule breaking missionaries in the capital was different from those in local areas and the treatment of all rule breaking missionaries tended to be severe on the whole， during which the ban of Catholic was the key to change. Accordingly， the government's governance of the Catholic Church in Macao gradually approached that of the mainland.

Key words： Ming and Qing; ban of Catholic; judicature; cherishing men from afar

Title： The Imperial Banner System in Qing Dynasty…….…………………………………….……………/121

Authors： Yu Tonghuai， Associate Professor， School of Marxism， Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan， Anhui， 232063， China; Bai Hua， Professor， School of Marxism amp; School of Humanities and Social Sciences， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan， Anhui， 232063， China.

Abstract： The royal commanding flag and plate is a certificate of royal authority. Holders of these type of flag or plate had certain power to make immediate decisions. Making， issuing， administration and verification of this type of flags and plates were strictly regulated in the Qing dynasty. In the early Qing period， generals in the war zones might be given this type of flags and plates so that they could act with enlarged power. Later，when the royal commanding flags and plates were broadly granted to the governor generals and generals，they were widely used in regional and local affairs， especially in judicial aspects， including in making in"spot execution sentences. After the Opium War， the Qing court promulgated the In Spot Execution Act and the royal commending flags and plates were further widely used. Since the authority of death penalty was given to lower level officials， the local regiment officials， military strong men， and even the local tyrants and evil gentries might exercise death sentence in the late Qing period.

Key words： The royal commending flag and plate; requesting Imperial decision; Execute in spot; power of unrestricted decision

[Eastern Asian History and Culture]

Title： Research on the Vietnamese Envoys Deceased in Their Missions during the Ming and Qing Dynasties…………………………………………………………………………………………………/132

Authors： Niu Junkai， Professor， School of International Relations amp; Department of History， Sun Yat-Sen University，Zhuhai， Guangdong， 519082， China; Zhou Dacheng， PhD Candidate， Department of History， Sun Yat-Sen University， Guangzhou， Guangdong， 510275， China.

Abstract： During the Ming and Qing Dynasties， China and Vietnam established tributary relationship.Vietnamese officials usually feel honored for being selected as envoys to China. However， some Vietnamese envoys died in China due to various reasons. As a common practice， the Ming and Qing governments would send officials to handle the funeral affairs for the deceased Vietnamese envoys， offer sacrifices， and provide compensations accordingly. Some of their remains were buried in China， while most were escorted back to their hometown in Vietnam. The Vietnamese government would also rewards the deceased with respect， items， and titles. These measures reflect that both China and Vietnam made great efforts to maintain the tributary relationship.

Key words： Vietnamese envoys; Sino-Vietnamese relationship; tribute; Anna; compensation

Title： The Exploration of the Japanese Historians for a New Perspective of World History……………/145

Author： Zhang Yanru， Professor， The Institute of World History， The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， 100101，Beijing， China.

Abstract： Since the 1990s， in response to domestic social needs and the impact of Western historiography， a trend of exploring newer perspective of world history came into being in Japanese academic circle. The main subjects of this exploration include how to write world history in the era of globalization， the relationship between world history and global history， and the relationship between regional history and world history. In terms of conception of history， proposes such as overcoming Euro-centrism， modernization theory， nation-state theory， and progressive view of history received major attention. In terms of breadth of research， suggestions such as absorbing advantages from global history， broadening the view points of time and space， emphasizing connections， and strengthening studies of less studied regions and fields. These progresses can be seen in \"Mimerva World History Series\" and \"Iwanami World History\". Taken all the achievements concerning \"new world history\"， the Japanese historians have not yet been able to establish their own mature theory of world history.

Key words： Japanese academic circle; new world history; Euro-centric perspective of history; global history

English Contents and Abstracts………….……………………………………………………………………/156

Messages from the Contributors………………………….………………….….….………………/cover page 2

Call for Papers…………….…………..….……………………………………….…..……….……/cover page 3