






關鍵詞:HHIP-AS1;舌鱗狀細胞癌;miR-19a-3p;癌細胞增殖;癌細胞遷移 中圖分類號:R739.86 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.03.011
Abstract:To investigate theefects oflong noncodingRNA (lncRNA)HHIP-AS1onthe proliferationand migrationof tongue squamous cellcarcinoma celsand itsmolecular mechanism,the expressionofHHIP-AS1in tonguesquamous cell carcinoma tissues wasanalyzed bycBioPortal database.TheexpresionofHHIP-AS1intongue squamous cell carcinoma cells Wasdetectedbyquantitativereal-time polymerasechainreaction (qPCR).HHIP-AS1plasmidandcontrolplasmid were transfected into CAL-27cels,which were recorded as HHIP-AS1 groupandNC group,respectively.qPCR was usedtodetect the expressionof HHIP-AS1 in CAL-27 cells in each group. Cellcounting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and scratch healing assay were used todetectthe effectsofup-regulating HHIP-AS1onthe proliferationand migrationofCAL-27cels,respectively. Wester blot wasused todetect theefects ofup-regulating HHIP-AS1onthe expressionof proliferationphenotype proteins andmigrationphenotypeproteins inCAL-27cels.Dualluciferasereporterassaywasused toverifythetargetingrelationship between HHIP-AS1and miR-19a-3p.qPCR was used to detect theefectofupregulating HHIP-AS1on the expressionof miR19a-3p.Theresultshowedthat theexpressionofHIP-AS1in tongue squamouscellcarcinomacellines waslowerthanthat in human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK cells) (all Plt;0.05 ).The expression ofHHIP-AS1 in CAL-27cells of theHHIPAS1 group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (Plt;0.01 ). This study found that upregulating HHIP-AS1 could significantly inhibit the proliferationability(
)andmigrationability( Plt;0.01 )ofCAL-27cells.UpregulatingHHIPAS1 would inhibit the expresionofproteinsrelated to the proliferative phenotype and migratory phenotypeofCAL-27cels. This study further found that HHIP-AS1 could bind to miR-19a-3p in a targeted manner ( (Plt;0.01 ),and upregulating HHIPAS1 would inhibit the expression of miR-19a-3p (
).Inconclusion,HHIP-AS1 islowly expressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Upregulating HHIP-AS1inhibits the proliferationandmigrationof tongue squamous cellcarcinoma cels by reducing the expressionofmiR-19a-3p.This study may provideanew target fortheresearch on targeted therapyof tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
KeyWords:HHP-AS1;tongue squamous cell carcinoma; miR-19a-3p; cancercell proliferation; cancercellmigration (Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2025,34(3): 282-288)
舌鱗狀細胞癌(tongue squamous cell carcinoma)是口腔癌最常見的類型,其發生與遺傳、抽煙、咀嚼檳榔、飲酒等有關[1]。舌鱗狀細胞癌的預后較差,對口腔往往造成較大創傷,不僅威脅患者生命,而且會嚴重降低患者的生活質量[2-3]。目前,舌鱗狀細胞癌的發病機制并不清楚,探究其進展機制可能有助于發現新的抗癌靶點。長鏈非編碼RNA(longnoncodingRNA,lncRNA)是一類單鏈,其長度通常大于200個核苷酸[4]。IncRNA參與腫瘤的發生和發展,其在腫瘤診斷、抗癌藥物研發、預后監測等方面具有巨大的應用前景[5-6]。HHIP-AS1是一個長度為646個核昔酸的lncRNA,其編碼基因定位在人染色體4q31.21。越來越多的研究顯示,HHIP-AS1在肺腺癌、肝癌等腫瘤中低表達,HHIP-AS1在腫瘤發生和發展中表現為抑癌基因作用[7-8]。然而,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌中的作用和分子機制尚未見報道。本研究主要探究HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌中的表達,檢測過表達HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖和遷移的影響,探討其分子機制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 細胞與試劑
人舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞(TSCCA、CAL-27、HNI3、Tca8113、SCC-15)和正常口腔角質細胞(HOK)購于美國模式培養物保藏庫。Lipofectamine2000試劑、RNA提取試劑盒購于美國ThermoFisher公司。對照質粒和HHIP-AS1質粒購于北京索萊寶科技有限公司。雙熒光素酶報告試劑盒和細胞計數試劑盒-8(cellcountingkit-8,CCK-8)試劑盒購于日本TaKaRa公司。miR-19a-3pmimics和miR-NC購于成都福際生物技術有限公司。培養基和胎牛血清購于美國Invitrogen公司。一抗細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶1(cyclin-dependentkinase1,CDK1)細胞周期蛋白B(cyclinB)、β-肌動蛋白( β -actin)纖連蛋白(fibronectin)叉頭框蛋白C2(forkheadboxproteinC2,FOXC2)均購于英國Abcam公司。
1.2生物信息學分析
利用cBioPortal數據庫分析舌鱗狀細胞癌組織中HHIP-AS1的表達差異。利用DIANAtools和LncRNA2Target網站預測HHIP-AS1下游靶基因。
1.3 細胞培養與分組
CAL-27、HN13、Tca8113在含 10% 胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養基中培養,HOK細胞在含 10% 胎牛血清的DK-SFM培養基中培養,TSCCA和SCC-15細胞在含 10% 胎牛血清的DMEM培養基中培養。將對數生長期CAL-27細胞接種在6孔板,用Lipofectamine20oo分別將 3μg 對照質粒和3μg HHIP-AS1質粒轉染至CAL-27細胞,分別記為NC組和HHIP-AS1組。培養 20h 后,進行后續檢測。
1.4實時熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(quantitativerealtimepolymerasechain reaction,qPCR)檢測HHIPAS1和miR-19a-3p表達
用總RNA提取試劑提取RNA,合成的cDNA作為qPCR反應模版。以 β -actin或U6為內參, 2-ΔΔCt 法分析基因表達。qPCR反應條件為 95°C 變性 5min 95°C 作用20s, 55% 退火20s, 73% 延伸10s,39個循環。qPCR引物序列見表1。

1.5 CCK-8法檢測CAL-27細胞增殖
收集各組CAL-27細胞,加入培養基調整細胞密度為每毫升含 3×105 個細胞,以每孔 130μL 的劑量接種至96孔板。分別培養1、2、3、4、5d,每孔分別加人 50μL 的CCK-8溶液。繼續培養 3h ,酶標儀檢測每孔于 450nm 處的光密度(optical density, OD 值。
1.6劃痕愈合試驗檢測CAL-27細胞遷移
將各組CAL-27細胞 (3×106 個)接種至6孔板,手持滅菌槍頭劃痕,保持劃線為直線。沖洗6次,加人不含血清的培養基。分別在 0h 和25h時間點觀察和拍照,用ImageJ軟件分析劃痕距離均值,代表各組CAL-27細胞的遷移程度。
1.7蛋白質印跡(Westernblot)試驗檢測增殖表型蛋白質的表達和遷移表型蛋白質的表達
將各組CAL-27細胞在RIPA溶液中裂解,超聲破碎后取上清。加入上樣緩沖液,煮沸 8min ,12% 凝膠電泳,轉移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜上。加入9% 脫脂牛奶,在室溫下封閉 1.5h 。洗膜5次,分別加入一抗(CDK1、CyclinB以 1:2000 比例稀釋,Fibronectin、FOXC2、 β -actin以1:3000比例稀釋),7% 孵育 11h 。加入二抗羊抗兔或羊抗鼠( 1:7000 比例稀釋),室溫孵育 4h 。用化學發光試劑處理
1min ,用凝膠成像儀顯影。
1.8雙熒光素酶報告基因試驗
構建HHIP-AS1野生型熒光素酶報告載體(HHIP-AS1-WT)和突變型報告載體(HHIP-AS1-MUT),分別與miR-NC或miR-19a-3p共轉染CAL-27細胞,培養 42h 收集細胞。分別檢測各組CAL-27細胞螢火蟲熒光素酶活性和海腎熒光素酶活性,兩者比值即為相對熒光素酶活性。
1.9 統計學處理
利用SPSS20軟件對試驗數據進行統計分析,計量數據以均值 ± 標準差
表示,用 t 檢驗進行兩組間比較,用單因素方差分析進行多組間比較,以 Plt;0.05 為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果與分析
2.1HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌組織和細胞系中的表達
cBioPortal數據庫分析顯示(圖1),舌鱗狀細胞癌組織中HHIP-AS1表達明顯低于癌旁組織 (Plt;0.01) 。qPCR檢測顯示(圖2),HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞TSCCA、CAL-27、HNI3、Tca8113、SCC-15中表達顯著低于HOK細胞(均 Plt;0.05 ,且在CAL-27細胞中表達最低 (Plt;0.01 )。以上結果提示,HHIP-AS1可能在舌鱗狀細胞癌中發揮抑癌基因作用。
2.2 HHIP-AS1質粒的過表達效率
qPCR顯示,NC組和HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細胞中HHIP-AS1相對表達分別為 1.05±0.46 和 10.45± 2.03,HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細胞中HHIP-AS1相對表達顯著高于NC組( Plt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1質粒在CAL-27細胞中成功表達。
2.3上調HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖的影響
如圖3所示,與NC組相比,過表達HHIP-AS1的CAL-27細胞增殖能力在接種2、3、4、5d時顯著下降(均 Plt;0.05 ,表明HHIP-AS1能抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞的增殖。
2.4上調HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞遷移的影響
如圖4所示,NC組和HHIP-AS1組遷移率分別為 (54.23±7.15)% 和 (19.72±4.19)% ,HHIP-AS1組遷移率顯著低于NC組( ?lt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1能抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞的遷移。

2.5上調HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖表型蛋白質和遷移表型蛋白質的影響
Westernblot顯示(圖5),HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細胞中增殖表型蛋白質CyclinB、CDK1的表達降低,遷移表型蛋白質Fibronectin、FOXC2的表達顯著低于NC組,表明HHIP-AS1能降低舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞中增殖表型蛋白質和遷移表型蛋白質的表達。
2.6 HHIP-AS1與miR-19a-3p靶向關系
通過DIANAtools和LncRNA2Target網站預測(圖6),miR-19a-3p與HHIP-AS1的結合評分最高,所以選擇miR-19a-3p進行研究,miR-19a-3p與
HHIP-AS1存在7個結合位點。如圖7所示,HHIP-AS1-WT+miR-19a-3p 組熒光素酶活性顯著低于HHIP-AS1-WT + miR-NC組( Plt;0.01 ,表明HHIP-AS1能夠靶向結合miR-19a- ?3p 。
2.7上調HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞miR-19a-3p表達的影響
qPCR顯示,HHIP-AS1組和NC組CAL-27細胞中miR-19a-3p相對表達分別為 1.03±0.27 和 6.79± 0.49,HHIP-AS1組miR-19a-3p表達顯著低于NC組( Plt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1能夠抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞中miR-19a-3p的表達。



3討論
大量研究顯示,IncRNA參與了舌鱗狀細胞癌的發生和發展[9-11]。如Zhang等[12]報道,IncRNAKRT16P6在舌鱗狀細胞癌組織和細胞系中表達上調,并與舌鱗狀細胞癌分期和分化等級相關,干擾lncRNAKRT16P6表達可降低舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞的遷移、侵襲和增殖能力,miR-3180是lncRNAKRT16P6的下游靶點。如Jia等[13]發現,lncRNASNHG1在舌鱗狀細胞癌組織和細胞中高表達,敲除lncRNASNHG1可通過促進miR-194-5p表達,抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞的上皮-間質轉化、遷移和侵襲。研究表明,HHIP-AS1參與多種腫瘤的發生和進展。HHIP-AS1在肝癌組織中的表達明顯降低,其表達下調與腫瘤大小、轉移和TNM分期相關,也預示肝癌患者總生存率降低,HHIP-AS1具有抑制肝癌細胞增殖、遷移、侵襲以及促進細胞凋亡的生物學功能[14]。HHIP-AS1在非小細胞肺癌中表達下調,其低表達與患者預后不良相關,過表達HHIP-AS1能抑制非小細胞肺癌細胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲[15]。因此,本研究探究了HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖和遷移的作用及其機制。
本研究結果顯示,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌組織和細胞中的表達明顯降低,提示HHIP-AS1可能在舌鱗狀細胞癌中發揮抑癌作用。HHIP-AS1低表達的機制仍需進一步研究。HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌CAL-27細胞中表達最低,故本研究采用HHIP-AS1質粒上調CAL-27細胞中HHIP-AS1的表達。本研究顯示,上調HHIP-AS1可抑制CAL-27細胞的增殖和遷移,說明HHIP-AS1有助于抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌的惡性進展。
大量研究顯示,lncRNA通過堿基互補的方式與miRNA進行部分或完全配對,抑制miRNA的活性或者降解 miRNA[16-18]。例如,lncRNA VPS9D1-AS1能通過部分配對miR-187-3p,抑制miR-187-3p的活性,從而促進前列腺癌細胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲能力[19]。本研究對HHIP-AS1下游靶點進行預測,結果顯示,HHIP-AS1與miR-19a-3p活性區域具有結合位點。本研究對HHIP-AS1是否靶向結合miR-19a-3p進行驗證,結果顯示,HHIP-AS1能直接靶向結合miR-19a-3p。miR-19a-3p在多種腫瘤如卵巢癌、結直腸癌、乳腺癌、宮頸癌等組織和細胞中高表達,其表達與腫瘤患者的分期較差、不良預后密切相關,miR-19a-3p能夠促進腫瘤細胞的有氧糖酵解、增殖、轉移以及化療抗性,其表現為癌基因作用[20-23]。Li等[24]研究表明,臨床舌鱗狀細胞癌標本中miR-19a-3p表達上調,敲低miR-19a-3p顯著抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌CAL-27細胞的增殖、上皮-間質轉化和遷移。本研究顯示,上調HHIP-AS1表達能明顯抑制miR-19a-3p的表達,說明HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞中通過調控miR-19a-3p的表達發揮作用。本研究的不足之處在于沒有在體內證實HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖和遷移的作用。下一步我們將通過裸鼠荷瘤試驗探究HHIP-AS1在生物體內的抑癌作用。
綜上所述,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細胞癌中表達降低,過表達HHIP-AS1能夠通過靶向下調miR-19a-3p表達來抑制舌鱗狀細胞癌細胞增殖和遷移。HHIP-AS1的研究可能為舌鱗狀細胞癌的新藥研發提供新的思路。
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