[摘要] 目的 探討老年高血壓患者天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)/丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)比值與代謝綜合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的關(guān)聯(lián),為老年高血壓患者M(jìn)S早期檢測和防治提供參考。方法 對616名社區(qū)健康服務(wù)中心的老年高血壓患者開展問卷調(diào)查和體格檢查,根據(jù)是否為MS,分為MS組(n=334)與非MS 組(n=282)。根據(jù)AST/ALT 四分位數(shù)分為ql組(AST/ALT≤0.88,n=156)、q2組(0.88lt;AST/ALT≤1.10,n=155)、q3組(1.10lt;AST/ALT≤1.37,n=154)和q4組(AST/ALTgt;1.37,n=151)。檢測患者的甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、AST、ALT、血糖等血生化指標(biāo)。采用Logistic回歸模型分析AST/ALT值對MS的影響,采用受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析AST/ALT值預(yù)測MS發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)果 MS組患者的體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、TG、ALT、血糖異常者占比、女性占比和腹型肥胖占比均高于非MS組,HDL-C、AST/ALT值均低于非MS組(Plt;0.05)。Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,校正BMI、吸煙、飲酒、運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、文化程度、婚姻狀況、TG、HDL-C、血糖后,與q1組相比,q3和q4組MS的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均降低(Plt;0.05)。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,AST/ALT預(yù)測MS的曲線下面積為0.638(Plt;0.05)。結(jié)論 老年高血壓患者的AST/ALT與MS呈負(fù)相關(guān),AST/ALT對老年高血壓患者M(jìn)S發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有一定的預(yù)測價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 代謝綜合征;高血壓;丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶;天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶
[中圖分類號] R544.1" """"[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A """""[DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2025.23.004
Correlation between AST/ALT ratio and metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients
WANG Ling1, LUO Yan2, FU Maozhen2, ZHANG Ling3, ZHU Weiliang4, HUANG Hong5, TAN Jiaze6, LAI Yiping7, CHENG Liuyun6
1.Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Institute of Shenzhen Pingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 2.Administrative Department of Shenzhen Pingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 3.Social Health Department of Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 4.Pinghuan Community Health Service Center of Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 5.Shijing Community Health Service Center of Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 6.Biling Community Health Service Center of Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 7.Xiuxin Community Health Service Center of Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the association between aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly hypertensive patients, and to provide reference for early detection and prevention of MS in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among 616 elderly hypertensive patients at community health service centers. Participants were divided into two groups based on MS status: MS group (n=334) and non-MS group (n=282). According to AST/ALT levels, participants were divided into four groups: q1 group (AST/ALT ≤0.88, n=156), q2 group(0.88lt;AST/ALT≤1.10, n=155), q3 group(1.10lt;AST/ALT≤1.37, n=154), and q4 group(AST/ALTgt;1.37, n=151). Blood biochemical parameters including triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), AST, ALT, and blood glucose were measured. The impact of AST/ALT levels on MS was analyzed using a Logistic regression model, while the risk prediction for MS occurrence was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results MS group showed higher body mass index (BMI), TG, ALT levels, abnormal glucose levels, female proportion, and abdominal obesity rate compared to non-MS group. HDL-C and AST/ALT values of MS group were lower than those in non-MS patients (Plt;0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, education level, marital status, TG, HDL-C, and glucose levels, both q3 and q4 groups demonstrated reduced MS risk compared to group q1 group(Plt;0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for AST/ALT in MS was 0.638 (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The level of AST/ALT was negatively correlated with MS in elderly hypertensive patients, and AST/ALT has certain predictive value for the risk of MS in elderly hypertensive patients.
[Key words] Metabolic syndrome; Hypertension; Alanine aminotransferase; Aspartate aminotransferase
代謝綜合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)是一個(gè)整體概念,包括中心性肥胖、高血壓、高血糖和血脂異常等。近年來,MS的患病率持續(xù)上升,研究顯示MS的全球和中國患病率分別為25.0%和31.1%[1-2],60歲以上老年人患病率為39.4%[3]。MS可導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性血脂異常、動(dòng)脈高血壓和肝臟代謝異常[4]。天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)是反映肝臟代謝的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AST/ALT比值不僅與肝損傷的預(yù)后和嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),且可能是預(yù)測未來MS及其組分發(fā)展的可靠指標(biāo)[5]。鑒于老年高血壓患者本身已具有較高的MS易感性,深入探討AST/ALT比值與該人群MS發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,可為臨床早期篩查和干預(yù)提供新的思路。本研究通過探討老年高血壓患者的AST/ALT比值與MS的關(guān)聯(lián),為老年高血壓患者的MS早期檢測與預(yù)防提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。
1 "對象與方法
1.1" 調(diào)查對象
于2024年選取深圳市坪山區(qū)人民醫(yī)院下屬的4個(gè)社區(qū)健康服務(wù)中心開展調(diào)查,采用整群抽樣的方法招募年齡≥60歲、常住坪山區(qū)的616例原發(fā)性高血壓患者作為研究對象,男276例,女340例,平均年齡(68.47±6.63)歲;吸煙者71例、飲酒者72例,見表1。根據(jù)是否為MS,分為MS組(n=334)與非MS組(n=282),MS的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)糖尿病學(xué)分會(huì)中國2型糖尿病指南[2020版][6]。根據(jù)AST/ALT四分位數(shù)分為ql組(AST/ALT≤0.88,n=156)、q2組(0.88lt;AST/ALT≤1.10,n=155)、q3組(1.10lt;AST/ALT≤1.37,n=154)和q4組(AST/ ALTgt;1.37,n=151)。所有研究對象均簽署知情同意書;本研究經(jīng)深圳市坪山區(qū)疾病預(yù)防控制中心倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號:SZPSCDC17- 2023-003-03)。
1.2" 研究方法
問卷調(diào)查研究對象的基本情況:①人口學(xué)基本特征:年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、婚姻狀況、文化程度等;②行為生活方式:吸煙、飲酒、運(yùn)動(dòng)等基本情況。連續(xù)或累計(jì)吸煙≥6個(gè)月且每日吸煙≥1支定義為吸煙;連續(xù)≥6個(gè)月且每周飲酒≥1次定義為飲酒;每周中等強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)150min以下或每周重度運(yùn)動(dòng)75min以下定義為運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低;每周中強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)150~300min或重強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)75~150min定義為運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度中等;每周中強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)300min及以上或重強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)150min及以上定義為運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高。③體格檢查:測量研究對象的身高、體質(zhì)量、腰圍、血壓等指標(biāo),并在空腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下取約5ml靜脈血送至坪山區(qū)人民醫(yī)院檢測總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)等指標(biāo)水平。收縮壓≥140mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)和/或舒張壓≥90mmHg定義為血壓控制不良。
1.3" 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(")表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布的數(shù)據(jù)以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(Q1,Q3)]表示,組間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(百分率)[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Logistic回歸分析影響因素,采用受試者操作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)分析預(yù)測價(jià)值。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1 "兩組患者的基本特征比較
MS組患者的BMI、TG、ALT、血糖異常者占比、女性占比和腹型肥胖占比均高于非MS組患者,HDL-C、AST/ALT值均低于非MS組患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。
2.2" MS各組患病率的比較
各組患者M(jìn)S、腹型肥胖、血糖異常、高TG、低HDL-C的患病率均隨AST/ALT 水平升高而降低(Plt;0.05),見表2。
2.3" AST/ALT比值與MS的Logistic 回歸分析
采用Logistic 回歸分析AST/ALT比值對MS的影響。模型1調(diào)整性別和年齡,與q1組相比,q3和q4組MS的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均降低(Plt;0.001);模型2在模型1的基礎(chǔ)上調(diào)整BMI、吸煙、飲酒、運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、文化程度、婚姻狀況、TG、HDL-C、血糖,與q1組相比,q3組和q4組MS的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均降低(Plt;0.05)。
2.4" AST/ALT比值預(yù)測MS發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的ROC曲線分析
預(yù)測全體研究對象MS的AST/ALT曲線下面積(area under the curve,AUC)為0.638,預(yù)測男性MS的AUC為0.610,預(yù)測女性MS的AUC為0.690,見表4。
3" 討論
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老年高血壓患者的MS患病率為54.22%,高于普通老年人群[3]、MS和高血壓的共存增加慢性并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和死亡率,MS可在一定程度上降低老年高血壓患者的生活質(zhì)量,增加胰島素抵抗、心血管和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[6-9]。因此,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)MS有利于控制高血壓患者病情,延緩或減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。
本研究與非MS患者相比,MS患者表現(xiàn)出更高的ALT水平及女性比例,更低的AST/ALT值,與周小琦等[10]、Chen等[11]和Liu等[12]的研究結(jié)果一致。女性MS患病率較高可能與腹部肥胖相關(guān),這主要受低體力活動(dòng)、多次妊娠和雌激素變化等因素的影響[13]。研究顯示吸煙和飲酒可增加MS的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而運(yùn)動(dòng)可降低MS的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2,14];也有研究顯示性別和體力活動(dòng)與MS無關(guān)[15]。本研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓、飲酒、吸煙、運(yùn)動(dòng)在MS和非MS患者間的區(qū)別,可歸因于本研究對象均是接受過規(guī)范化降壓治療及生活方式干預(yù)的老年高血壓患者。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MS、腹型肥胖、血糖異常、高TG、低HDL-C的患病率均隨AST/ALT 水平升高而降低,Logistic回歸顯示調(diào)整性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙、飲酒、運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、文化程度、婚姻狀況、TG、HDL-C、血糖等因素后,而MS患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低,說明低AST/ ALT是MS的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,ROC曲線也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)AST/ALT在一定程度上對MS有預(yù)測價(jià)值,與既往研究結(jié)論一致[5,10,16]。AST/ALT比值與MS患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的機(jī)制尚未完全明確,ALT和AST是反映肝臟損傷的重要標(biāo)志物,ALT和AST分別存在于肝細(xì)胞胞漿和肝細(xì)胞線粒體中,在肝細(xì)胞損傷后進(jìn)入外周血中。研究顯示ALT/AST相比ALT更能反映肝細(xì)胞損害與血脂異常的關(guān)系,較高的ALT/AST比值與胰島素抵抗、氧化應(yīng)激、全身炎癥、視網(wǎng)膜病變、脂肪肝有關(guān)[16-20]。胰島素抵抗導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)脂肪酸釋放增加,脂肪酸合成和分解失衡,血脂異常促使脂肪在肝臟中過量積累,導(dǎo)致脂肪肝,肝臟受損又反過來導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞釋放ALT和AST[21]。血脂異常是MS的組成成分,而脂肪肝是MS、高甘油三酯血癥和脂肪性肝炎的重要組成部分[19]。Zou等[18]的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)AST/ALT比值與高血壓患者合并外周動(dòng)脈疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高相關(guān)。目前,AST/ALT比值與MS和高血壓的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究。
本研究存在一定局限性:①本研究為橫斷面研究,無法判斷AST/ALT值與MS間是否存在因果關(guān)系;②本研究對象為老年高血壓患者,研究結(jié)果外推到其他人群需慎重。綜上,AST/ALT比值作為一種簡便、經(jīng)濟(jì)的生物標(biāo)志物,在老年人群日常健康體檢中簡單可行,有利于早期識(shí)別MS,降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
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(收稿日期:2025–03–28)
(修回日期:2025–07–21)