摘要: 顏色的象征意義在不同民族語(yǔ)言中往往有不同的特點(diǎn),本文通過(guò)列舉例句,重點(diǎn)闡述了白色、黑色、紅色、綠色、藍(lán)色、褐色、黃色和粉紅色在中英文中的文化差異。
關(guān)鍵詞: 顏色詞 漢譯 文化差異
在漢英語(yǔ)言中,表示各種色彩的詞都很豐富。顏色詞除了表示其具體實(shí)際的色彩外,還會(huì)由于不同國(guó)家的不同文化而具有不同的涵義。因?yàn)轭伾南笳饕饬x在不同民族語(yǔ)言中往往有不同的特點(diǎn),有些特點(diǎn)甚至構(gòu)成了人們對(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)引申、轉(zhuǎn)義以后顏色的崇尚和禁忌。這是我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中不能小視的。
顯然,每一種顏色的英文單詞都可以找到其相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)單詞。但這并不等于兩者具有相同的文化含義。以白色為例,在英國(guó),白色往往表示“純真”、“崇高”、“吉祥”、“幸福”之意。如:a white day意為“吉日”或“喜慶的日字”。而白色在中國(guó),卻沒(méi)有那么“吉利”。如“一窮二白”、“白忙活了”、“往來(lái)無(wú)白丁”、“唱白臉”等。可見(jiàn),同樣的色彩在不同的文化背景下,被賦予了不同的涵義。我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地本著對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中顏色詞的理解去跟英語(yǔ)里的顏色詞對(duì)號(hào)入座。
那么,在英語(yǔ)里,不同的顏色到底有怎樣不同的引申意義呢?下面,我們就通過(guò)列舉例句,重點(diǎn)了解一下英文中白色(white)、黑色(black)、紅色(red)、綠色(green)、藍(lán)色(blue)、褐色(brown)、黃色(yellow)和粉紅色(pink)。
一、白色(White)
1.She wants to marry a white man.
她想嫁給一個(gè)老實(shí)人。(white man:可靠的、實(shí)在的人)
2.When he planned to sell his house,his expensive furniture became white elephants.
他想要賣(mài)房子的時(shí)候,他的昂貴的家具成了累贅。(white elephant:負(fù)擔(dān),累贅之物。由于“white elephant”有上述的意思,因而出現(xiàn)了“a white elephant sale”即“白象義賣(mài)”。不過(guò)這種以慈善為目的的義賣(mài),所賣(mài)的不是白象,而是有心人士所捐出的家里不再需要的物品。)
3.She is the white-headed boy of the new age.
她是新一代中的寵兒。(white-headed boy:寵兒)
4.The judge will treat us white.
法官會(huì)公正地對(duì)待我們。(white:公正,公平)
5.The children have bled their parents white.
父母的一切都為孩子花光了。(white:一窮二白)
6.He wants to have a white-collar job and sit in an office all day.
他愿意做一份文職工作,整天坐在辦公室里。(white-collar job:從事腦力勞動(dòng)的工作)
7.LiuXiang is taken as the white hope of the Chinese track and field.
劉翔被認(rèn)為是能給中國(guó)田徑帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)的人。(white hope:被寄予厚望的人)
8.Sometimes we have to tell white lies.
有時(shí),我們被迫要講些善意的謊言。(white lies:無(wú)惡意的謊言)
9.According to Zulu rules,a soldier who showed the white feather in battle would be punished to death.
根據(jù)祖魯族的規(guī)定,臨陣畏縮的士兵將被處死。(white feather:膽小,怯懦)
二、黑色(Black)
1.He will be sentenced by his black deed.
他會(huì)因?yàn)樽约簶O其惡劣的行為而受到宣判。(black deed:極其惡劣的行為)
2.Don’t always give black words to the others.
不要總是對(duì)別人說(shuō)不吉利的話。(black words:不吉利的話)
3.I want your assurance in black and white.
我要你作出書(shū)面保證。(black and white:白紙黑字)
4.He fell off the truck black and blue.
他從卡車(chē)上掉下來(lái),遍體鱗傷。(black and blue:身上青一塊紫一塊的)
5.Please blacked out the words you don’t want.
請(qǐng)涂掉你不想要的詞。(black out:抹去,出去,終止)
6.He got the black dog on his back from overwork.
他因?yàn)檫^(guò)度疲勞,而感到沮喪。(black dog:沮喪,意志消沉)
7.He was the black sheep.
他是一個(gè)害群之馬。(black sheep:敗家子,害群之馬)
8.Last time I saw him,he gave me a black look.
上次我見(jiàn)到他,他對(duì)我怒目而視。(black look:怒目而視)
三、紅色(Red)
1.He waste his youth in a red light district.
他把自己的青春浪費(fèi)在花街柳巷。(red light district:紅燈區(qū))
2.That was a red battle.
那是一場(chǎng)血戰(zhàn)。(red:暴力,血腥)
3.When he kept criticizing me,l really saw red.
當(dāng)他不停地批評(píng)我的時(shí)候,我真的憤怒了。(see red:發(fā)怒)
4.He was treated to the red-carpet in the ceremony.
在慶典上,他受到了隆重的接待。(redcarpet:隆重的接待)
5.4 July was a red-letter day in the history of America.
七月四日是美國(guó)歷史上值得紀(jì)念的日子。(red-letter day:大喜之日)
6.A thief was caught red-handed when stealling on bus.
一個(gè)竊賊在公交車(chē)上偷竊時(shí)候,當(dāng)場(chǎng)被抓。(red-handed:當(dāng)場(chǎng),現(xiàn)行)
7.My face was red when you say you love me for the first time.
當(dāng)你第一次說(shuō)你愛(ài)我的時(shí)候,我很難為情。(red:害羞,臉紅)
8.There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.
領(lǐng)身份證的手續(xù)實(shí)在太繁瑣了。(red-tape:繁文縟節(jié))
9.They had to sell the firm because they had operated it in the red for years.
由于幾年來(lái)他們經(jīng)營(yíng)的這家公司一直虧損,他們不得不把它賣(mài)掉。(in the red:虧損)
10.Every time we get together,he wants to paint the town red.
每次聚會(huì),他都要痛飲一番。(paint the town red:狂歡,胡鬧)
四、綠色(Green)
1.He is still green to this job.
他對(duì)這份工作尚無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(green:生疏,無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)
2.Do you really see any green in her eyes?
你真的認(rèn)為她幼稚可欺嗎?(green:稚嫩的)
3.If you want to be a successful gardener,of course you’ve gotto have green fingers.
假如你想當(dāng)個(gè)稱(chēng)職的園丁,那你就得有園藝技能。(green fingers:園藝能手)
4.She is a green hand in teaching English.
在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中,他還是個(gè)生手。(green hand:生手,新手)
5.Mother gave us the green light to go to a camping trip last summer.
去年夏天媽媽準(zhǔn)許我們?nèi)ヂ稜I(yíng)。(green light:許可)
6.He is a green-eyed monster.
他是個(gè)愛(ài)嫉妒別人的人。(green-eyed:嫉妒的)
五、藍(lán)色(Blue)
1.He was punished because of his watching blue movies.
他因?yàn)榭瓷殡娪岸芰P。(blue movie:色情電影)
2.Lots of people worry about the blue revolution.
很多人在擔(dān)心“性解放”。(blue revolution:性解放)
3.Tess’father was very proud of his blue blood of D’Urbervilles.
苔絲的父親因出身名門(mén)貴族德伯家而倍感驕傲。(blue blood:貴族血統(tǒng))
4.She is looking extremely blue.
她看上去十分沮喪。(look blue:沮喪,憂郁)
5.It’s once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
你得到的是個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)。(once in a blue moon:千載難逢,難得一遇的)
6.True blue will never stain.
真金不怕火煉。(true blue:不會(huì)褪色的藍(lán),引申為真金)
7.She fell off the chair and was blue in the face.
她從椅子上摔下來(lái),臉色發(fā)青。(be blue in the face:臉色發(fā)青,突然變色)
8.She always read like a blue streak.
她看書(shū)總是飛快的。(blue streak:一閃而過(guò)的東西,行動(dòng)很快的人或物)
9.The news strikes everybody in the town,just like a bolt out of the blue.
這消息對(duì)村子里的每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都如同是晴天霹靂。(out of the blue:突然地,出乎意料的)
10.The falling flowers always gives sister Lin the blues.
落花總是給林妹妹帶來(lái)憂郁。(blue:憂郁,抑郁)
六、褐色(Brown)
1.You look brown after summer vacation.
暑假回來(lái)你看上去曬黑了哦。(brown:曬得黝黑)
2.It is difficult to attract his attention,when he was in a brown study.
在他沉思默想的時(shí)候,你很難吸引他的注意力。(be in a brown study:沉思,空想)
3.In autumn,the leaves browned slowly.
秋天,樹(shù)葉漸漸枯了。(brow:變成褐色)
4.Believe it or not,everyone of us are done brown.
信不信由你,我們都上當(dāng)了。(do brown:使上當(dāng))
5.When she is on duty,she always does it up brown.
輪到她值班的時(shí)候,總是干得很出色。(do up brown:干得好,做事徹底。)
6.Aim at just one bird,don’t blaze into the brown.
瞄準(zhǔn)一只打,不要射擊鳥(niǎo)群。(blaze into the brown:射擊一群鳥(niǎo))
七、黃色(Yellow)
1.She is too yellow to stand up and fight for her own right.
她太膽怯,不敢?jiàn)^起為自己的權(quán)利而抗?fàn)帯#▂ellow:怯懦)
2.He has a yellow streak in him.
他膽小。(yellow streak:膽小)
3.Anyone who is likely to turn yellow when the testing-time comes will be refused by our company.
任何面對(duì)考驗(yàn)可能畏縮不前的人都將被我公司拒之門(mén)外。(turn yellow:害怕,畏懼)
4.No one wants to make friends with Joy for he is a yellow dog.
沒(méi)有人愿意跟喬伊做朋友,因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)卑鄙小人。(yellow dog:小人,卑鄙的人)
八、粉紅色(Pink)
1.His wife is a pink-collar worker in the company.
他的妻子是那個(gè)公司的高層次女秘書(shū)。(pink-collar:粉領(lǐng)麗人,職業(yè)女性)
2.You look pink today.
你今天看上去氣色不錯(cuò)。(pink:皮膚呈現(xiàn)紅潤(rùn)、健康的色澤)
3.To me,she is the pink of perfection.
對(duì)我而言,她就是個(gè)十全十美的人。(pink of perfection:完美)
4.I will never forget the pink of politeness of him when we first meet in the railway station.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記,第一跟他在火車(chē)站相遇時(shí),他的彬彬有禮。(pink:象征極致)
5.She is dressing up for a pink tea.
她在為參加一個(gè)上流社交活動(dòng)而盛裝打扮。(pink:上流社會(huì))
通過(guò)上面的例句,我們不難看出,英語(yǔ)中詞匯的魅力,并不在于它的字面意義。正是詞匯背后的含蓄、引申、升華,使我們的英語(yǔ)交流變得生動(dòng)、有趣、幽默、親切,使我們的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變得更加地豐富多彩。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]王同憶主編.英漢辭海.國(guó)防工業(yè)出編社,1987年.
[2]陸谷孫主編.英漢大詞典.上海譯文出版社,1993年.
[3]Judy Pearsall,The New Oxford Dictionary of English,上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,2001年.