基礎(chǔ)寫作是廣東高考英語的一個(gè)重要組成部分,目的是考查考生最基礎(chǔ)的書面表達(dá)能力,即用詞的合理性、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜度、語法運(yùn)用的正確性、信息內(nèi)容的完整性、句子之間的連貫性等。教師在教學(xué)過程中注重對學(xué)生進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)的寫作微技能的指導(dǎo),既可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的寫作習(xí)慣,又可以提升學(xué)生的寫作能力。所謂“微技能”,就是要準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)厥褂糜⒄Z語法和純正、地道的英語;句型結(jié)構(gòu)要變化多樣;文章邏輯順序要正確、條理清晰,上下文銜接要連貫。
準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)剡\(yùn)用英語語法
單詞的大小寫、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致等,這些看似簡單而又重要的細(xì)節(jié),往往因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的忽略而導(dǎo)致評分者對整篇文章的評估。因此需要教師的正確引導(dǎo),使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的語法運(yùn)用習(xí)慣。英語語法種類繁多,條條框框非常瑣碎,如果僅憑死記硬背的話,學(xué)生會不勝其煩。實(shí)際上,只要本著實(shí)用的原則,與語言的運(yùn)用結(jié)合起來,語法的學(xué)習(xí)也是富有樂趣的。因此對于語法的學(xué)習(xí),教師應(yīng)該教會學(xué)生善于在理解的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)、在學(xué)習(xí)中歸納語法規(guī)則、在錯(cuò)誤中總結(jié)語法規(guī)律、在交際中使用語法監(jiān)控等,這樣才能起到促進(jìn)理解、監(jiān)控輸出的作用,使學(xué)生的語言知識與技能融為一體。
完美地使用英語詞匯和短語
英語的詞匯和短語表達(dá)豐富多樣,但又各有不同,就算是近義的表達(dá)也有等級之分。在寫作文時(shí),如果能正確、完美地使用豐富的詞匯和短語,文章就會豐富而不單調(diào),生動而不沉悶,活潑而不呆板。如下文:
30% students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise. They believe there’s no time to spare for sports for Senior 3 students and it will have a bad effect on study if the student gets hurt or too tired in it. While 70% students consider we should do necessary physical exercise. They hold the view that it is a good relaxation and will surely do good to our study. Half of them stick to running every day, and others prefer to play basketball, table tennis, badminton or do something else.
在這篇短文中,作者分別使用了think, consider, believe, hold the view that來陳述相同的內(nèi)容,詞匯短語變化不斷,大大豐富了文章的表現(xiàn)力,搖曳生姿。
合理靈活地使用多樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
變化多樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu),可以最真實(shí)地反映學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力和水平,也可以折射出學(xué)生對高中階段重點(diǎn)句型的掌握程度,是學(xué)生思維能力和對文章的組織能力的綜合體現(xiàn)。對句型結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活運(yùn)用,可以大大增加文章的亮色、節(jié)奏和韻律美,使文章達(dá)到潤色的效果。
H1N1 flu is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the H1N1 virus, which is spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with flu. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it. The symptons of H1N1 virus in people include fever, cough, sore throat, running or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. If you are infected, stay at home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone apart from getting medical care, but don’t be panic. To prevent yourself from getting sick, you should wash your hands often, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing and sneezing and try to avoid close contact with sick people.
精心巧妙地使用連詞
連詞作為一種銜接機(jī)制,不僅能保持主從句在意義上的連貫,而且在語篇連貫中也發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的連接作用。中國學(xué)生因?yàn)槭軡h語思維的影響,在英語寫作中普遍存在著連詞誤用和連詞缺省兩類問題,導(dǎo)致文章缺乏連貫,邏輯性差。為了使文章段落之間緊密連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)渾然一體,增強(qiáng)文章的說服力和感染力,應(yīng)該在句與句、段落與段落之間,恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┻^渡性詞和連詞,使文意起承轉(zhuǎn)合更加清晰、流暢。如:
After a heated discussion, we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city which we often passed by, but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in the morning, at about 8:00 am when we were taking a bus out of the city. About an hour later, we began to feel tired, but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain, and at the sight of our beautiful city below us,we felt happy though we were tired out.
寫作的最終目的是為了溝通。好的寫作技巧是有效溝通的基礎(chǔ),要寫出一篇好的英語作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上微技能方法之外,還需從平時(shí)入手,勤寫多練,以提高自己的寫作水平和語言表達(dá)能力。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦