在平常的閱讀理解訓練及考試中,我們常常會遇到科研發現類與新聞體裁類的文章,且幾乎每篇這類文章必考主旨題。
一、科研發現類文章
短文特點:結構嚴謹,邏輯上條理清楚,思維上正確嚴密,但語言不夠趣味形象,情節也不動人,句子結構較復雜,長難句較多。所以很多考生會因此而產生畏難心理,甚至放棄。但只要考生能掌握此類文章體裁特點和解題技巧,就能輕松解答。
解答技巧:該類文章屬于解釋說明類體裁。該類文章的寫作目的就是介紹或者告訴讀者所研究發現的現象或者事實,因此,主旨明確,主題句也通常在文章的第一段。考生在解答這類文章的時候,要著重關注第一段,這一段一般都會講到研究者或科學家發現了什么,而這個發現與人們普遍認為的事實可能不一樣,但卻正是該文章的主旨大意。如:
(2010廣東六校聯考)Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities ( 極性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures ——polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.
55. The main idea of the passage is.
A. polarities between American and Chinese culture
B. priorities of American culture to Chinese
C. different attitudes towards the aged
D. different manners in social occasions
分析:這是文章的第一段,根據文章特點可以判斷是科學研究發現類文章。在該段最后一句找到“研究專家發現了什么”:中美文化之間更深層的兩級分化。故選答案A。
二、新聞報道類文章
短文特點:新聞報道的寫作目的就是告訴讀者發生了什么事。新聞報道由導言和正文組成。導言位于文章的第一段,簡要告訴讀者該篇報道的主要內容,如時間、地點、人物、發生了什么事、結果如何等等。正文則是對導言部分事件的進一步詳細報導。
解答技巧:新聞報道的主旨通常在導言部分,因此,考生只要了解該段“誰或哪里發生了什么事情,結果怎么樣”就能快速解答主旨或標題的題目。如:
The US lawmakers have had a hearing (聽證會)to discuss how long makers of biological drugs should have an exclusive license (獨家專利權) to make and sell the expensive medicines.
The passage is mainly about .
A. a discussion about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
B. the FTC’s report about how long biological drugs’ exclusivity should be
C. a hearing discussing whether biological drugs should be replaced by generic versions.
D. the safety and effectiveness of biological drugs being discussed by US lawmakers
分析:這是一篇新聞報道文章的第一段,根據新聞報道的結構特點,其主旨大意就在第一段,可以判斷答案A與該段中提到的主題一致。
又如:
Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Director’s Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a two-car accident.
45. The passage is intended to.
A. show us how to assist traffic accident victims
B. report a terrible traffic accident on Highway 6
C. report three people awarded for their heroism
D. warn us of the danger of driving on the highway
分析:這是新聞文章的第一段,可以得知該新聞是“報道三個德克薩斯人因為英勇挽救了一次交通事故的受害者而受到了嘉獎”,故選C。
責任編校 蔣小青