優化英語句子的四種常用方法

近幾年廣東高考基礎寫作命題形式以文字提綱的形式出現。它的特點就是所給材料含有的信息比較多，但寫作要求是只能使用5個句子表達全部內容。單一地用某種句型，文章就顯得平淡乏味。如果在這五句話中所包含的句子結構能做到多樣，那么，這篇文章顯得就很漂亮了。

要讓一篇文章的句式多樣，其實并不難。在寫作時，我們常用到的有以下幾種方法：

一、運用同位語

此方法常用于介紹人或事物。

[例1]李敏是個女孩子，今年18歲， 她在光華中學學習，她是我的鄰居也是我最好的朋友。

[一般]Li Ming is a girl. She is 18. She is my neighbour and my best friend. She is studying in Guanghua Middle School.

[高級]Li Ming， a girl of 18， my neighbour and my best friend， is studying in Guanghua Middle School.

[運用]用同位法整合下面的句子。

1. Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province. It is located in the middle of Guangdong Province. It is the cultural and economical center of Guangdong Province.

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2. Zhang Hai is male. He is 23 years old. He graduated from Hunan Normal University last year.

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二、運用并列句

常用的并列連詞有and， but， or， otherwise， nor， so， yet， however， for， as well as， both...and， not only...but also， either...or， neither...nor， (and)then， since等。

[例2]他不喜歡音樂，也不喜歡運動。

[一般]He doesn’t like music. He doesn’t like sports， either.

[高級]He likes neither music nor sports.

[例3]我不喜歡他，他很自私。

[一般]I don’t like him. He is selfish.

[高級]I don’t like him， for he is selfish.

[運用]用連接詞整合下列句子。

3. He works hard himself. He encourages us to work hard， too.

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4. These glasses are very expensive. Please be careful with them.

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三、運用短語

根據具體情況我們可以用現在分詞、過去分詞，介詞短語、不定式短語等。

[例4]我很驚訝，一切進展得那么順利。

[一般]I was surprised. Everything went on very well.

[高級]To my surprise， everything went on well.

[例5]她回到舞廳。他尋找丟失的項鏈。

[一般]She went back. She wanted to find her lost necklace.

[高級]She went back to find her lost necklace.

[例6]故事是用簡單的英語寫的，很受英語初學者的歡迎。

[一般]The stories are written in simple English. They are popular with English beginners

[高級]Written in simple English， the stories are popular with English beginners.

[運用]用短語整合句子

5.He was ill. He didn’tgo to school.

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6. The man is singing a song. He is my brother.

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四、運用從句

最常用的便是狀語從句、主語從句、賓語從句和定語從句。

[例7]廢水被直接排放河里，河水被嚴重污染。

[一般]Waste water is directly let into the river. The river is seriously polluted.

[高級]The river is seriously polluted because waste water is directly let into the river.

[例8]他病得很重，這讓我著急。

[一般]He was seriously ill. It made me worried.

[高級]That he was seriously ill made me worried.

He was seriously ill， which made me worried.

[運用]用從句整合下列句子。

7. He never lost a game. I was really astonished.

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8. Li Hua is my classmate. His English is very good.

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需要注意的是，我們在寫作時，要注意不要一味地追求用復雜句型，能簡則簡，能用短語，就不用從句。在句式多樣的前提下，盡量做到精練。

[例9]我到家后馬上給他打電話。

[一般]After I got home， I called him at once.

[較好]After getting home， I called him at once.

[例10]我正在餐桌旁吃飯，一個人朝我走了過來，那個人戴著一頂黑帽子。

[復雜]I was eating at the table when a man who was wearing a black hat came up to me.

[簡明] When I was eating at the table， a man wearing a black hat came up to me.

[綜合練習]下面是廣東2008年高考英語試題基礎寫作的內容，請用上面所講的四種方法整合句子。

Shooting was originally a means of survival. It developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896. None were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport had just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games. Now it has 17 shooting events.

參考答案

1. Guangzhou， the capital and the cultural and economical center of Guangdong Province， is located in the middle of Guangdong Province.

2. Zhang Hai ， male， 23 years old， graduated from Hunan Normal University last year.

3. He not only works hard himself but also encourages us to work hard.

4. Please be careful with the glasses ， for they are very expensive.

5. Being ill， he didn’t go to school.

6. The man who is singing a song is my brother.

7. I was really astonished that he never lost a game.

8. Li Hua is my classmate， whose English is very good.

綜合練習：Shooting， which was originally a means of survival， developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896， but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.

責任編校 蔣小青