〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 英語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì);問題;對(duì)策
〔中圖分類號(hào)〕 G633.41〔文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼〕 C
〔文章編號(hào)〕 1004—0463(2010)12(B)—0026—01
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)至少要包括四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:教學(xué)對(duì)象、教學(xué)目標(biāo)、教學(xué)方案和教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)。筆者去年聽了40多節(jié)課,發(fā)現(xiàn)初中英語課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)存在一些問題。
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)寬泛、模糊,缺乏可操作性
課例1某次公開課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容為冀教版8年級(jí)的 Show and Tell,有一個(gè)教師設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)為:(1)Master new words and phrases: organize, side, through, real, take part in (join), be full of (be filled with);(2)Understand the meaning of the text.
反思及對(duì)策:該教師在教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中沒有明確學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)新單詞掌握的程度,讓學(xué)生對(duì)課文理解的程度也模糊不清。因此,教學(xué)目標(biāo)要明確,讓學(xué)生知道在課堂上應(yīng)該掌握哪些語言知識(shí),獲得哪些語言技能。這樣,一方面學(xué)生對(duì)教師的要求有了了解,另一方面也為教師評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生是否達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)要求和進(jìn)行教學(xué)反思提供了依據(jù)。筆者認(rèn)為,本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)可以這樣設(shè)計(jì):(1)Try to master new words and phrases:side, through, take part in(join), be full of (be filled with);(2)Try to know new words: organize, real;(3)Use the drills of this lesson freely;(4)Sum up the main idea of the text.
二、語言操練代替任務(wù)活動(dòng)
課例2某教師對(duì)單詞教學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)思路是這樣的:
Step1 Revise some words and phrases learnt yesterday.
Step2 Ask the students listen to the text and find out the key phrases and structures.
Step3 Read the text and say out the Chinese meaning of the words and phrases.
Step4 Make some sentences with the words and phrases.
反思及對(duì)策:筆者認(rèn)為,教師可以將一節(jié)45分鐘的詞匯教學(xué)課分解為三個(gè)部分,10分鐘用于呈現(xiàn)新詞匯,15分鐘用于學(xué)生理解詞匯,20分鐘用于學(xué)生使用所學(xué)的詞匯。例如,在教學(xué)食物的詞匯hamburger, beef, peanut,mushroom, pizza等時(shí),教師可以先利用教材中的圖片和提前準(zhǔn)備好的實(shí)物教學(xué)這些詞匯,通過構(gòu)詞法和語音規(guī)則等知識(shí)幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)這些詞匯的讀音和拼寫,并對(duì)食物按面食、肉類、水果和蔬菜分類,或按中式食品和西式食品分類。然后,為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng),讓他們運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯。如果條件允許,教師可以提前設(shè)計(jì)一桌豐盛的飯菜,讓學(xué)生說出食物的名稱,并用以下句型表達(dá)他們對(duì)食物的喜好程度:I like.../I like...better than.../I like...best.最后,讓學(xué)生分小組討論問題:Do you think it is a good habit to eat chocolate? Which do you think is healthier, Chinese food or Western food?
三、教師主宰式的課堂
課例3某教師的授課內(nèi)容為冀教版8年級(jí)的Hobbies Are Fun。該教師的課堂導(dǎo)入是這樣的:Class begins. I’m glad to see you. Today we’ll learn Unit...What’s a hobby? “hobby” means“愛好”. Do you have a hobby ? Yes or no? Would you like to have a hobby? OK! Now stop here. Next, listen to the radio...
反思及對(duì)策:該教師的課堂設(shè)計(jì)完全是自問自答式的,學(xué)生只是聽眾,沒有機(jī)會(huì)參與課堂活動(dòng)、表達(dá)自己的思想,師生之間沒有對(duì)話,課堂氣氛沉悶,無法調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。英語課堂教學(xué)需要有效的導(dǎo)入,從而使學(xué)生快速地集中注意力。有效的課堂導(dǎo)入應(yīng)具備目的性、趣味性和啟發(fā)性。如在教學(xué)本課時(shí),筆者認(rèn)為該教師可以這樣設(shè)計(jì):在大屏幕上呈現(xiàn)某個(gè)男孩的照片,并向?qū)W生提問:“Could you guess who the boy is?”當(dāng)學(xué)生猜出這個(gè)男孩是該教師的兒子后,該教師可以對(duì)學(xué)生說:“Could you guess what things does he like doing?”學(xué)生會(huì)有各種猜測(cè),如“He likes playing football”,“He likes watching TV”等,接著該教師告訴學(xué)生:“His hobby is playing computer games.”同時(shí)給學(xué)生解釋“hobby”的意思:“Hobby means an activity that you enjoy doing in your free time.”之后,讓學(xué)生以組為單位調(diào)查本組同學(xué)的hobbies,并運(yùn)用下面的句型:What’s your hobby?My hobby is...