英語寫作中的遣詞造句與高分作文

摘 要: 英語寫作主要考查的是考生能否寫出地道的句子，有了漂亮的句子，用適當的連接詞和過渡語將其連句成段，再加上一些亮點詞匯的點綴，就可以組成一篇完整的作文。因此，寫作練習應該把重心放在遣詞造句上。

關鍵詞: 英語寫作 遣詞造句 高分作文

英語作文中的提綱要點往往在一定程度上規定了考生的表達思路，但提綱式寫作試題仍然具有一定的開放性，給考生留出了一定的自由發揮(造句)空間，有利于考生充分展示自己的英語書面表達能力。如果能針對作文的要點進行造句訓練，不斷提高靈活造句能力，然后運用這些句子組段成篇，寫起作文來就會得心應手。長期訓練下去將有助于考生寫出“較高級詞匯”和“較高級句子”，從而在英語寫作中獲得高分。

本文以2009年高考全國II卷作文為例，對寫作中的造句訓練加以說明，希望能對考生平時的寫作有所裨益。

原題內容:假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Sarah打算暑期來北京旅游，來信詢問改建后前門大街的情況。請你寫封回信，簡單介紹以下內容:

1.簡況:長800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪;

2.位置:天安門廣場南面;

3.交通:公共汽車17、69、59等路，地鐵2號線;

4.特色:步行街、當當車、茶館、劇院等。

如果將要點簡單地轉換為下面的英語句子:

1.It is more than 800 metres long.It has a history of more than 600 years.There are about 300 shops along it.

2.It lies in the south of Tian’anmen Square.

3.You can take Buses No.17，69，59 or Subway Line 2.

4.The pedestrian street，trolley cars，teahouses and theatres are its characteristics.

顯然，這些單句涵蓋了所有內容要點，句子正確率也很高，但簡單的詞匯和單一的句式在考試中是很難拿到高分的。這時就需要考生把句子化簡為優。例如，可將上述要點1合并為:It is an 800-metre-long antient street with a history of 600 years，along which there are more than 300 shops.這樣，在眾多類似表達中，閱卷老師定會感到眼前一亮。可見，要想在考試中寫出高分句式，平日的造句練習是必不可少的。

我們以上文提綱要點為例，進行造句如下(篇幅所限，這里每個要點只提供三個例句):

要點1:簡況:長800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪

1)It is a long street with a length of 800 meters and a history of 600 years，along which there are more than 300 shops.The things in the shops are so beautiful that I am sure you will buy a lot of them.(固定搭配、高級句式及細節補充)

2)Qianmen Street is an ancient street with a long histroy of more than 600 years.There are over 300 shops and it has a length of more than 800 metres.(高級詞匯、句式變化多樣)

3)Qianmen Street，which is 800 metres in length，has a history of 600 years.With more than 300 shops，the street is among the symbols of Beijing.(高級詞匯和句式、句式多樣化)

要點2.位置:天安門廣場南面

1)Located in the south of the Tian’anmen Square，the street is fairly easy to find.(句式多變)

2)Situated near Tian’anmen Square，Qianmen Street has the advantage of convenience.(固定搭配及多變的句式)

3)As the street is in the center of Beijing，just to the south of Tian’anmen Square，it’s very convenient to get there by bus.(插入語和慣用搭配增強了句式的多樣性)

要點3.交通:公共汽車17、69、59等路，地鐵2號線

1)Many buses stop there，including Buses No.17，69，and 59.Subway is another access.Choose Line 2，and you’ll be taken right there.(高級詞匯和復雜句式)

2)It is convenient for you to go there by Buses No.17，69 or 59，and Subway Line 2 is also available.(高級句式與高級詞匯)

3)Apart from this，it is quite convenient for you to get there as Buses No.17，69，or 59 will take you to the right place.Subway Line 2 is also available.(多變的句式及高級詞匯)

要點4.特色:步行街、當當車、茶館、劇院等

1)What’s more，the pedestrian street，trolley cars，teahouses and theatres are its characteristics.Therefore，you can entertain yourself by doing such things as going shopping，drinking Chinese traditional tea or enjoying movies here.I’m sure you will like it.(高級句式與詞匯)

2)Upon your arrival，you’re advised to take a walk along the street.It will be great fun to drive a trolley car.Moreover，you may as well step into a nearby teahouse and gain knowledge about Chinese culture.Besides，you can enjoy yourself in a cinema，which must be a feast for your eyes.(高級句式與高級詞匯)

3)It will be a great surprise if you know the rebuilt Qianmen Street’s advantages.There are pedestrian streets，along which you can have a comfortable walk.The interesting trolley car can attract/draw your attention，too.You can also enter the nearby teahouse to enjoy Chinese tea and experience the splendid tea culture.Or you can go to the theater if you feel interested in (are enthusiastic about) Chinese opera.(細節補充、高級句型與詞匯)

要點5.合適的結尾

1)In a word，having your summer holiday in Beijing will be your best choice.I’m looking forward to your coming.(總結、過渡，句式富于變化)

2)As far as I know，Qianmen Street is much nicer than before.And if you come to Beijing，I would be more than glad to be your guide .(過渡自然、句式富于變化)

3)I’ll be glad if you can pay a visit to our capital city!And I’m sure you’ll like it.(自然過渡)

如果在造句的基礎上，注意長短句的相互結合，再組段成篇就比較容易。當然，除了要考慮語法結構的多樣性、詞匯運用的準確性和語言的得體性之外，還要注意上下文的連貫性，因為句與句、段與段之間缺乏必要的連接詞和過渡語會使文章讀起來讓人感覺唐突或干澀。因此，考生應從行文的實際需要出發，強化連接詞和過渡語的運用意識。例如，上文中各個要點之間就是通過擴充細節、使用狀語、連接詞及過渡語，使組篇后的文章能夠自成一體(如要點5中斜體部分均屬于自然過渡)。由于篇幅所限，其它要點中的過渡手段，這里不再贅述。

英語寫作主要考查的是考生能否寫出地道的句子，句子的多樣性取決于句子類型的豐富性，它既考查考生簡單句和復雜句的綜合運用能力，又考查考生對不同句型的掌握情況。因此在寫作練習中，應該把重心放在造句訓練上，這是最容易把握的部分，也是寫出高分作文的一種有效手段。

參考文獻:

[1]魏華.學會活用基本詞匯 提高英語寫作水平[J].英語通大學四級考試版，2006，(11).

[2]應洪才.淺談影響高考英語寫作得分的幾個因素[J].中國教育科學雜志，2009 ，(3).

[3]魏華.擴句法在高考英語寫作中的應用[N].英語周報(高教版)，2008-1-16.