摘 要: 利用福建省荔枝種植區(qū)歷年氣象資料、荔枝種植面積、產(chǎn)量及其他社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)資料,從致災(zāi)因子危險(xiǎn)性、承險(xiǎn)體脆弱性以及應(yīng)災(zāi)能力構(gòu)建極端氣候?qū)Ω=ㄊ±笾Ξa(chǎn)量影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)體系,綜合應(yīng)用層次分析法、專家打分法和熵權(quán)系數(shù)法確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,采用多指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)估法構(gòu)建出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型,以評(píng)估極端氣候?qū)笾Ξa(chǎn)量影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)果表明,長(zhǎng)樂以南沿海縣市大部分種植區(qū)(除東山縣外)極端氣候?qū)笾Ξa(chǎn)量影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較輕;重度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以上的區(qū)域主要分布在漳州市的平和、南靖、華安,泉州市的永春、安溪,莆田和仙游的內(nèi)陸地區(qū);福州市的閩清、閩侯、羅源及市轄區(qū)的山區(qū);寧德市的福鼎、福安、寧德轄區(qū)及福安的山區(qū),其中海拔高的山區(qū)有嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其余種植區(qū)屬中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 荔枝; 極端氣候; 產(chǎn)量; 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估
中圖分類號(hào):S667.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1093-06
Risk assessment of extreme climate on the yield of litchi in Fujian Province
CHEN Jia-jin, LI Li-chun, WANG Jia-yi,LIN Jing,YANG Kai, XU Zong-huan, MA Zhi-guo*
(Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou,F(xiàn)ujian 350001 China)
Abstract: Taken the potential hazard of the meteorological events, vulnerability of the hazard-affected body and disaster coping capability as assessment indicators, extreme climate risk on the yield of Litchi in Fujian was assessed by risk assessment model constructed by various indicators, based on meteorological data, Litchi plant area and yield, and other socio-economic data in Litchi growing region in Fujian over years. The indicator weight of the assessment model was integrative determined by AHP method, expert grading method and entropy-weight coefficient method. The results showed that: risk of extreme climate in most growing regions south of Changle on the Litchi yield were lighter; risk in Pinghe, Nanjing and Huaan of Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Anxi of Quanzhou, inland of Putian and Xianyou, montain areas of Minqing, Minhou, Luoyuan and Fuzhou, Fuding, Fu'an, Ningde were above severe; risk in high latitude areas were severity; risk in the other regions was moderate.
Key words: Litchi; Extreme climate; Yield; Risk assessment
福建是中國荔枝的第三大產(chǎn)區(qū),種植歷史悠久,品種資源豐富,福建省漳州市還被國家林業(yè)局正式命名的“中國荔枝之鄉(xiāng)”。福建荔枝主要分布在沿海地區(qū),在荔枝生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過程中,常遭受極端氣候的影響,凍害、暖冬、連陰雨、干旱、臺(tái)風(fēng)等農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害均會(huì)對(duì)荔枝產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成不同程度的影響;在荔枝生產(chǎn)中存在不合理種植以及低產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題。因此,我們擬對(duì)影響荔枝生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量的致災(zāi)因子危險(xiǎn)性、荔枝脆弱性以及種植區(qū)的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力作出分析,綜合評(píng)估極端氣候?qū)Ω=ɡ笾Ξa(chǎn)量影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小和范圍,以期為荔枝優(yōu)化布局和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)提供依據(jù)。……