摘 要: 對大五星、龍泉1號、金豐、早紅3號4個(gè)品種45個(gè)8 a生三倍體株系及其對應(yīng)品種的二倍體形態(tài)學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了比較分析。與二倍體植株相比較,三倍體植株樹體高大,生長旺盛,分枝少,葉色濃綠,茸毛長而密,葉緣缺刻明顯,花器官增大明顯。三倍體在樹體干周、1 a生枝梢粗度、葉片長、葉片寬及葉長×葉寬上分別平均為二倍體的1.7、1.4、1.6、2.0、3.3倍,而春梢萌枝數(shù)與葉形指數(shù)為二倍體的46%和81%。三倍體花穗橫徑和縱徑、單個(gè)花穗花蕾數(shù)目、花蕾橫徑和縱徑、花絲長度、花藥長度和寬度、花柱長度以及子房橫徑和縱徑分別是二倍體的2.1、2.3、1.7、1.5、1.4、1.5、1.3、1.3、1.5、1.8、2.2倍。經(jīng)過方差分析,以上各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均呈極顯著或顯著性差異。
關(guān)鍵詞: 枇杷; 三倍體; 形態(tài)學(xué); 花器官; 葉形指數(shù); 生長優(yōu)勢
中圖分類號:S667.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1090-03
Morphological comparison between natural triploids and diploids in loquat
WANG Wei-xing, LI Ye, LI Xiao-lin, XIANG Su-qiong, GUO Qi-gao, HE Qiao, LIANG Guo-lu*
(College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Beibei,Chongqing 400716 China)
Abstract: Morphological characteristics of 45 natural triploid loquats which were 8 years old belonging to four cultivars Dawuxing, Longquan No. 1, Jinfeng, Zaohong No. 3 were systematically compared with corresponding diploids. Compared with diploid adult plants, triploid plants grew exuberantly, had big tree body and few branching, leaf color was dark green with long and dense villi, indenture incision notch of leaf edge was obvious, flower organ turned bigger obviously. The circumferences of trunks, diameters of annual branches, length and width of leaves, length × width of leaves of triploids were 1.7 , 1.4 , 1.6, 2.0, 3.3 times of diploid respectively. The numbers of grown vernal branches and leaf index were 46% and 81% of diploid. Transverse and lengthways diameters of triploid flowers, the flower number of one spica, transverse and lengthways diameters of buds, length of filaments, length and width of anthers, and length of style as well as transverse and lengthways diameters of ovaries, were 2.1,2.3, 1.7, 1.5, 1.4, 1.5, 1.3, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2 times of diploid respectively. There had extremely remarkable or notable difference on all above index by variance analysis. Growth advantage and application of triploid plants were discussion.
Key words: Morphology; Triploids; Morphologic; Flower organ; Leaf index; Growth advantage
枇杷屬薔薇科(Rosaceae)枇杷屬(Eriobotrya)植物,原產(chǎn)我國,栽培品種為普通枇杷(E. japonica),已有超過2 100多 a的栽培歷史[1]。我國枇杷資源豐富,分布區(qū)遍及北緯33.5°以南的 19個(gè)省(直轄市、自治區(qū))。枇杷秋萌冬花,春實(shí)夏熟,在百果中獨(dú)具先天四時(shí)之氣,被譽(yù)為獨(dú)冠時(shí)新的佳果珍味。枇杷成熟期正值水果淡季,且果肉柔軟多汁,營養(yǎng)豐富,風(fēng)味佳美,并具有化痰潤肺之功效。枇杷全身都是寶,除供鮮食外,還可以制罐、果膏、果汁、果露及釀酒,深受人們喜愛。但由于枇杷果實(shí)種子較多,可食率相對較低,所以獲得無子枇杷果實(shí)是人們夢寐以求的愿望。雖然國內(nèi)外學(xué)者在培育無子枇杷方面進(jìn)行了物理化學(xué)誘導(dǎo)、胚乳培養(yǎng)及雜交育種等廣泛的研究,但由于較難獲得大量的變異群體,因此仍然存在許多科研方面難以攻克的難關(guān),未能得到生長結(jié)果習(xí)性和遺傳特性相對穩(wěn)定并能推廣應(yīng)用的無子枇杷材料。……