摘 要: 植物性樣品礦質元素分析的前處理方法中,濕消化時間長、污染大,干灰化易損失,微波消化儀器成本高、樣品處理量有限等,而稀鹽酸微沸提取可有效克服這些弊端。以成熟柑橘葉片為材料,采用稀鹽酸加熱微沸1次提取多種礦質元素,并用原子吸收進行分析。結果表明,用1 mol·L-1鹽酸微沸30 min即能充分提取柑橘葉片中除Fe元素外的K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn和Cu元素。與傳統硝酸-高氯酸濕消化法相比,除Fe元素提取量偏低外,其他元素的檢測結果之間不存在顯著性差異。同時以標準物質番茄葉(ESP-1)進行驗證,結果與標準值相符。因此,稀鹽酸微沸提取柑橘葉片中多種礦質元素的方法簡便可靠,檢測成本低,環境污染輕。
關鍵詞: 柑橘葉; 礦質元素; 鹽酸微沸提取
中圖分類號:S666 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1107-04
Extraction of mineral elements from citrus leaves with boiling hydrochloric acid
CHEN Ai-hua, JIAO Bi-ning, WANG Cheng-qiu*
(Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University·Citrus Research Institute, CAAS·The Citrus Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400712 China)
Abstract: The extraction methods of mineral elements K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn from citrus leaves were optimized. The samples were boiled mildly in hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the extraction solutions were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). It was found that except for Fe, the mineral elements could be effectively extracted simultaneously from the sample mildly boiled with 1 mol·L-1 HCl for 30 min. The standard tomato leaves (EPS-1) were analyzed and the contents of these elements are identical with certified values. The results showed that except for Fe, no significant difference was found between the contents of mineral elements compared with HNO3-HClO4 digestion method. The method of boiling acid extraction is quicker, and simple, cost less and produces less environmental pollution.
Key words: Citrus leaves; Mineral element; HCl boiling-extraction
柑橘生產上,常通過檢測葉片中礦質元素含量來判斷養分豐缺,以指導施肥。傳統的樣品前處理方法各有優缺,比如干灰化法,消化完全、空白低,但易造成低溫元素的損失;濕消化法,檢測結果的平行性較好,但需要大量的酸,反應激烈,對健康、環境不利,且其消化產物中的結晶物質含鈣、鎂等元素,有元素損失;而微波消化法,對設備成本高,短期內難以普及。近年來,人們不斷探索采用鹽酸[1-5]、硝酸[6],甚至水[7-8]浸提植株樣品中的礦質元素,均取得了較好的效果,樣品有以蔬菜、植物葉片為主,也有以柑橘果實為研究材料的[9-10],但對柑橘葉片礦質元素的鹽酸微沸提取研究尚未見報道。
我們采用鹽酸加熱微沸浸提柑橘葉片中的常見礦質元素,提取液經過濾后,采用火焰原子吸收光度法測定。……