硒對水分脅迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗葉片生理生化指標(biāo)的影響

摘要： 研究硒對水分脅迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗葉片主要抗旱生理生化指標(biāo)的影響，以期為探索硒元素在葡萄耐旱生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用提供參考依據(jù)。以1 a生釀酒葡萄赤霞珠扦插苗為試材，開始水分脅迫后以清水噴施為對照，用0.5 mg·L-1 （T1）、1.0 mg·L-1（T2）、1.5 mg·L-1（T3）的亞硒酸鈉溶液噴施葡萄葉片正反面，定期采樣測定葡萄葉片葉綠素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）的含量，同時測定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、過氧化物酶（POD）、過氧化氫酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。結(jié)果表明，整個水分脅迫期間，與CK相比，亞硒酸鈉處理使葡萄葉片葉綠素含量平均提高2.93%～8.43%，可溶性糖含量平均提高9.7%～14.2%，脯氨酸含量提高12.0%～61.6%，SOD酶活性提高1.5%～6.6%，POD酶活性提高46.2%～87.8%，CAT酶活性提高18.5%～22.6%，GSH-Px酶活性提高14.5%～34.9%，同時使MDA含量降低10.1%～14.5%。綜合分析認(rèn)為，在該試驗(yàn)條件下對葡萄葉面噴施1.0 mg·L-1的亞硒酸鈉溶液，緩解水分脅迫對葡萄抗旱生理代謝帶來的影響效果最佳。說明水分脅迫下，適宜濃度的硒可以緩解葡萄葉片葉綠素分解，提高可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量，同時可以調(diào)節(jié)SOD、POD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性，降低MDA含量，抵御膜脂過氧化，提高赤霞珠葡萄幼苗的抗旱性。

關(guān)鍵詞： 赤霞珠葡萄； 硒； 水分脅迫； 生理生化指標(biāo)

中圖分類號：Ｓ６６3．1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：Ａ 文章編號：１００９－９９８０?穴２０11?雪０6－984－０7

Effect of Selenium on physiological and biochemical indexes of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon leaves under water stress

ZHAO Wei，XI Zhu-mei*，LIN Gang，TANG Jun-feng

（College of Enology， Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University·Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100 China）

Abstract： The effect of Selenium on physiological and biochemical indexes of Cabernet Sauvignon under water stress was investigated to provide reference for drought tolerance cultivation of grape. The Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings cultivated for one year were sprayed with Se-fertilizer under water stress at the Na2SeO3 concentrations of 0， 0.5， 1.0， 1.5 mg·L-1. Grape leaves were sampled at special stage after Se-fertilizer spray to detect the content of chlorophyll， soluble sugar， proline and MDA as well as the enzyme activity of SOD，POD，CAT and GSH-Px. During the whole period of water stress， compared to CK the chlorophyll content was increased by 2.93% to 8.43% and soluble sugar content was increased by 9.7% to 14.2% in average after treatment， and the proline content was increased by 12.0% to 61.6%. While the SOD and POD activity was enhanced by 1.5% to 6.6% and 46.2% to 87.8%， respectively， and the CAT and GSH-Px activity was increased by 18.5% to 22.6% and 14.5% to 34.9%， correspondingly， but the MDA content was decreased by 14.5% to 34.9% . Under this experimental condition， the effect of drought tolerance with 1.0 mg·L-1 （T2） treatment was the best for Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Results indicated that under water stress， appropriate concentration of sodium selenite solution can relieve chlorophyll decomposition in grape leaves and increase soluble sugar and proline content， and also regulate the enzyme activity of SOD，POD，CAT and GSH-Px， make the MDA content decrease. The application of Se could improve the capability of cellular antioxidant defenses to enhance the drought tolerance.

Key words: Cabernet Sauvignon grape； Selenium； Water stress； Physiological and biochemical indexes

硒（Se）作為一種微量元素，早在1957年就已被證實(shí)是動物和人體必需的營養(yǎng)元素[1]。目前研究雖未表明硒是植物所必需的微量元素，但適宜濃度的硒對植物也有著重要的生理功能[2]，尤其是對逆境脅迫下的植物有一定的抗逆保護(hù)作用，能夠抵御膜脂過氧化產(chǎn)生的氧自由基傷害及提高植物的抗逆能力[1，3-5]。……