摘要:為了弄清夏季綠肥對椪柑園土壤肥力及產質效應的影響,在貴州省從江縣椪柑園進行了夏季綠肥(飯豆、豇豆、大豆、綠豆)的試驗研究,結果表明,飯豆的生物產量最高,達29.03 t·hm-2,是大豆鮮草產量的2.32倍,綠豆的2.56倍,豇豆的2.74倍;它們的N、P2O5、K2O養分供應量依次為飯豆>綠豆>大豆>豇豆,增產效果為飯豆>大豆>綠豆>豇豆,綠肥處理中果實的可溶性固形物、總糖、還原糖、維生素C含量均高于對照,其中飯豆處理高于大豆、綠豆和豇豆處理,后3種綠肥對椪柑品質的影響無顯著差異;同時,間作4種綠肥均能不同程度的對土壤肥力產生影響,顯著降低土壤溫度,保持土壤水分,對緩解土壤旱情有一定的作用,其中飯豆的綜合效應最好,是椪柑成齡密植果園的首選綠肥品種。
關鍵詞: 椪柑果園; 夏季綠肥;效應
中圖分類號:S666.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1077-05
Effect of summer green manure in Pankan tangerine orchard
WEN Ming-xia1,2,SHI Xiao-jun1*,NIE Zhen-peng2,LIU Wen-feng3,ZHOU Xin-bin1
(1Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 China; 2Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020 China; 3Soil and Fertilizer Station,Southeast Guizhou Agricultural Bureau,Kaili,Guizhou 556000 China)
Abstract: In order to clarify the effect of four summer green manures: ricebean(Vigna umbellate L.), cowpea (V. unguiculata W.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.)on the yield and quality of Pankan tangerine(Citrus reticulata Blanco), test was carried out in Congjiang, Guizhou Province. The results showed that the biological yield of ricebean was 29.03 t·hm-2, 2.32 times of soybean, 2.56 times of mung bean and 2.74 times of cowpea. The nutrient content of N,P2O5,K2O was ricebean >mung bean>soybean>cowpea and the order of yield increase effect was ricebean >soybean>mung bean>cowbean. The fruit quality of trees intercropped by green manure was all higher than that of CK and the effect of ricebean was higher than soybean, mung bean and cowpea. Intercropping green manure can reduce soil temperature and increase soil humidity so that alleviate the drought of soil. As a result, ricebean is a good green manure variety for Pankan orchard in Congjiang, Guizhou Province.
Key words: Pankan(C. reticulata Blanco) orchard; Summer green manure; Effect
綠肥是生態農業的重要組成部分,是優質的有機肥料,對改良和培肥土壤有重要作用[1]。充分利用果園株行間套種綠肥,是果園廣辟肥源,提高土壤肥力,改造低產果園的根本措施[2]。綠肥對土壤改良及增產作用的研究報道較多[3-6],但所研究的綠肥大多是秋季種植的不耐蔭的光葉紫花苕、箭舌豌豆或滿園花等,缺乏對耐蔭郁的夏季綠肥效果的研究。被授予“中國名特優經濟林椪柑之鄉”榮譽稱號的貴州省從江縣, 椪柑種植面積達0.55萬hm 2 [7], 椪柑是該縣的支柱產業,但該地成齡密植果園郁蔽度大,林下種植不耐蔭綠肥往往生長不良,且地處山區,灌溉條件較差,果園每年都會出現不同程度的伏旱,往往造成巨大的經濟損失。……