設施葡萄對硒的吸收運轉及積累特性

摘 要: 以設施栽培的3 a生藤稔葡萄品種嫁接苗（貝達砧木）為試材，研究了硒的不同應用方法和劑量下葡萄不同器官對硒的積累和果實品質的影響。結果表明，（1）盛花期土施0.2 g·株-1 Na2SeO3后，設施葡萄的葉片、葉柄與果肉硒含量及單果硒總量從花后至成熟均呈“升-降”變化趨勢。（2）與對照相比，土施0.2 g·株-1 Na2SeO3后，不僅葉片、葉柄和果肉中的硒含量顯著增加，而且硒的累積順序也發生變化，變為果肉＞葉片＞葉柄。（3）硒元素在設施葡萄果實中的積累與分布因施用方式不同而異。土施硒肥，硒在果實中優先累積到種子中，其次累積到果肉中，最后累積到果皮中；而葉面噴施硒肥，硒在果實中優先累積到果皮中，其次累積到果肉中，最后才累積到種子中。（4）土施Na2SeO3以幼果發育期施用效果較好；設施葡萄果實各部位硒含量與外源硒施入量呈顯著正相關；同時隨外源硒施入量的增加，設施葡萄果實可溶性固形物含量隨之升高，但當外源硒施入量過大時，設施葡萄果實可溶性固形物反而下降。

關鍵詞: 設施葡萄； 硒； 吸收運轉； 積累； 果實品質

中圖分類號：Ｓ６６3．1 文獻標識碼：Ａ 文章編號：１００９－９９８０?穴２０11?雪０6－972－０5

Selenium absorption， distribution and accumulation in the protected cultivated grapevine

WANG Hai-bo， WANG Xiao-di， WU Ying-long，WANG Bao-liang，XIE Ji-meng， FENG Xiao-yu，LIU Feng-zhi*

（Fruit Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences·Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture， Xingcheng， Liaoning 125100 China）

Abstract: Three-year-old grapevine cv Fujiminori， grafted on Beta rootstock， were planted in the experimental orchard of Fruit Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in order to study Selenium absorbtion， distribution and accumulation in the protected cultivated grapevine and the effect of Se on the fruit qualities. The results indicated that after treatment with 0.2 g·plant-1 Na2SeO3 at flowering， Se concentration in leaves， leafstalks， berry flesh and in single beery from flowering to fruit ripening firstly rose and then dropped. Se concentration in leaves， leafstalks and berry flesh increased significantly compared with control and the orders of Se distribution changed to berry flesh ＞leaf＞leafstalk after treatment. The orders of Se distribution in the fruit were seed＞berry flesh＞skin with soil application， and skin＞berry flesh＞seed with spraying selenium solution. Se concentration in berry flesh with soil application at 20 to 35 days after flowering was more than that at other berry development stages. Se concentration in analyzed parts of berry was significantly corresponded with the increase of selenium doses . TSS rose significantly after Se application and reached the highest with 0.15 g·fruit-1 Na2SeO3， but dropped with 0.2 g·plant-1 Na2SeO3.

Key words: Grapevine in the protected culture； Selenium； Absorption and distribution； Accumulation; Berryt quality

硒是人體生命之源，素有“生命元素”之美稱，硒對人體的重要生理功能越來越為各國科學家所重視[1-2]，各國根據本國自身的情況都制定了硒營養的推薦攝入量。人體中硒主要從日常飲食中獲得[3]，因此，食物中硒的含量直接影響了人們日常硒的攝入量。中國營養學會對我國13個省市做過一項調查結果表明，成人日平均硒攝入量為26～32 μg，離中國營養學會推薦的最低限度50 μg相距甚遠[4]?！?br>