摘 要: 果樹生殖生物學研究是果樹栽培生理和遺傳學研究的重要內容之一,了解并掌握果樹生殖生物學特性對于果樹遺傳研究與品種改良具有積極的指導意義。作為我國重要的干果之一,迄今,已經對板栗的生殖生物學特性進行了大量研究,掌握了其授粉結實特性,揭示了花芽分化過程以及內源激素等對花器官發育的調控機制,探明了授粉受精、營養元素及有性生殖過程中胚胎發育異常等因素與板栗空苞的相關性,雄性不育研究也取得了初步進展。根據板栗生殖生物學研究取得的成果,本文從花特性、花芽分化、開花授粉生物學特性以及板栗空苞現象等方面進行了概述,重點總結了板栗花芽分化與花性別分化及其機理、板栗空苞及其發生機理,以及板栗雄性不育等方面的研究進展。并根據目前的研究現狀,對該領域今后的發展趨勢進行了展望。
關鍵詞: 板栗; 生殖生物學; 空苞; 花芽分化; 雄性不育
中圖分類號:S664.2 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1063-08
Advance in research on reproduction biology in Castanea mollissimma
LIU Guo-bin, LAN Yan-ping*, CAO Jun
(Institute of Agricultural Integrated Development, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097 China)
Abstract: Reproductive biology of fruit tree is a crucial part of cultivation physiology and genetic research. Understanding the characteristics of fruit tree reproductive biology provides a window for genetic research and cultivar improvement. Castanea mollissimma, as one of China’s important dried fruits, so far, has done a lot on its reproductive characteristics. The studies interpret the nature of pollination, flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormone action during flower organ development. And these also perceive the relationship between abnormal embryo development and the empty shell of chestnut at different case of pollination and fertilization, nutrient, abnormal embryo development and sexual reproduction. An initial progress has also been made in male sterility. The paper features from flowers, flower bud differentiation, flowering and pollination biology characteristics of chestnut and other aspects of the phenomenon of empty shell, also gives an overview summary of the flower bud differentiation and focus on sex differentiation and its mechanism, chestnut empty shell and principle, and research advance about male sterility. Based on the current research status, future trends in this field were discussed.
Key words: Castanea mollissimma; Reproduction biology; Empty-shell; Flower bud differentiation;Male-sterility
板栗(Castanea mollissima Blume)屬于殼斗科(Fagacea)栗屬(Castanea),該屬植物世界上約有10余個種[1],也有7個種之說[2]。板栗及其近緣種錐栗(C. henryi Rehd. Wils.)、茅栗(C. sequinii Dode)為我國特有,此外還有分布于歐洲的歐洲栗(C. sativa Mill.),分布于北美的美洲栗[C. dentate(Marsh.)Brokh.]和美洲榛果栗(C. pumila Mill.)以及分布于朝鮮半島和日本的日本栗(C. crenata Sieb. Zucc.)。板栗是世界著名干果和木本糧食樹種,也是目前世界食用栗中栽培面積、產量最多的栗種。板栗營養價值很高,淀粉、蛋白質含量豐富,有鐵桿莊稼之譽,并且在山區綠化、促進山區經濟發展方面有巨大作用。……