薄膜覆蓋對葡萄生長和生理特性的影響

摘 要： 為了研究不同覆蓋層次薄膜對葡萄生長、光合和相關(guān)酶活性的影響，為我國南方葡萄的早熟栽培提供參考。以夏黑和醉金香1 a生苗為試材，通過田間試驗(yàn)研究無膜（對照）、1層膜（處理I）、2層膜（處理II）和3層膜（處理III）覆蓋對其生長和生理特性的影響。試驗(yàn)表明，2個(gè)品種株高、根莖粗度和平均單葉面積均受薄膜覆蓋影響，除處理I與對照無顯著差異外，處理II和處理III分別達(dá)顯著和極顯著水平；隨著薄膜覆蓋量增加，凈光合速率（Pn）、蒸騰速率（Tr）、氣孔導(dǎo)度（Gs）、胞間CO2濃度（Ci）和水分利用率（WUE）均降低，葉綠素a（Chl a）和葉綠素b（Chl b）升高，葉綠素a/b值（Chl a/b）降低，丙二醛（MDA）含量升高；另外，薄膜覆蓋對還原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、過氧化物酶（POD）、過氧化氫酶（CAT）活性的影響為處理I >處理II >對照>處理III；夏黑的耐弱光性高于醉金香。結(jié)果表明，夏黑和醉金香1層膜下能生長發(fā)育，2層膜受到一定影響，3層膜則不利于其生長。

關(guān)鍵詞： 葡萄葉片； 薄膜覆蓋； 生理特性； 抗氧化酶活性

中圖分類號：Ｓ６６3．1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：Ａ 文章編號：１００９－９９８０?穴２０11?雪０6－991－０7

Effect of plastic films on growth and leaf physiological characteristics of grapevine

WU Yue-yan1， CUI Peng1，2， LI Bo1，2

（1College of Biology and Environment， Zhejiang Wanli University， Ningbo， Zhejiang 315100 China； 2College of Agriculture and Biotechnology， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310029 China）

Abstract: The effects of plastic filming under different covering layers on the growth， photosynthesis and related enzymes of grapevine were studied to provide guidance for early maturing cultivation in the Southern China. The experiments investigated the influences of no plastic cover （control）， single plastic film （treatment I）， double plastic films （treatment II）， and triple plastic films （treatment III） on the growth and physiological characteristics of Summer Black and Zuijinxiang. The significant differences in average stem height， rhizome diameter and leaf size were observed between the treatment II/III and the control， and the treatment III had the strongest effect， while the differences between treatment I and the control were not obvious. The increase in the layers of plastic film resulted in the decrease of net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， stomatal conductance， intercellular CO2 concentrations and water use efficiency. The level of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased in respond to the additional layers， with a decline of the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The concentration of MDA also increased. In addition， plastic filming influenced the concentration of reduced glutathione as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase， peroxidase and catalase of grapevine leaves. The intensity of these impacts was higher in treatment I， followed by treatment II， the control group and treatment III in decreasing order. Summer Black also showed higher tolerance to weak light compared to Zuijinxiang. In conclusion， normal growth and development of Summer Black and Zuijinxiang could be achieved under single layer plastic filming， while two-layer plastic filming may result in certain degree of the impact. Plastic filming with three layers can severely influence the growth of the two cultivars.

Key words: Grape leaves； Plastic film； Physiological characteristics； Antioxidant enzyme activities

葡萄屬葡萄科（Vitaceae）葡萄屬（Vitis L.）植物，起源于黑海和地中海沿岸，品種繁多，分布廣泛[1]。多數(shù)葡萄品種比較適應(yīng)系干氣候，而我國南方地區(qū)降水主要集中在3—7月，年均雨量達(dá)1 000～2 000 mm，占全年降雨量的70%左右，屬典型的夏濕地帶，露地栽培條件下葡萄易感病、樹勢難以控制。設(shè)施栽培能有效地控制葡萄生長發(fā)育所需的生態(tài)環(huán)境因素，有利于控制病蟲害、調(diào)節(jié)葡萄生育期以及提高產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)等。目前我國南方設(shè)施大棚葡萄栽培主要有單、雙層膜2種覆膜方式，其中以單層膜為主。……