酸王蘋果被迫休眠期的呼吸代謝特征

摘 要： 以萌發極晚的蘋果品種酸王（Malus domestic cv. Avrolles）和對照品種瑞林（M. domestic cv. Judeline）為試材，測定被迫休眠期的呼吸速率、呼吸途徑改變及呼吸途徑關鍵酶活性的變化來研究酸王被迫休眠期的呼吸代謝特征，為選育避開晚霜凍害的晚萌發品種提供生理依據。結果表明，盡管酸王和瑞林芽內呼吸途徑變化趨勢一致，但運行活性和時間進程有明顯差異。酸王的總呼吸和EMP途徑呼吸強度低于瑞林，最高點分別是瑞林的84.6％和84.7％，PPP途徑增加的時間比瑞林長21 d，且運行活性高于瑞林，變化幅度是瑞林的2.02倍；呼吸途徑各關鍵酶活性、呼吸底物含量均低于瑞林，這些是酸王被迫休眠期的呼吸代謝方面的特征，在被迫休眠期的呼吸代謝提供的能量不充足限制了酸王的萌發。

關鍵詞: 酸王蘋果； 呼吸途徑； 關鍵酶； 呼吸代謝

中圖分類號：Ｓ６６1．1 文獻標識碼：Ａ 文章編號：１００９－９９８０?穴２０11?雪０6－953－０6

Characteristics of respiratory metabolism during Avrolles’ imposed dormancy

QIN Dong1，2， XIE Fu-chun1， ZHAI Heng2*， HUO Jun-wei1

（1College of Horticulture， Northeast Agricultural University，Ha’erbin， Heilongjiang 150030 China； 2College of Horticulture Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural University·State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology， Tai’an， Shandong 271018 China）

Abstract: In order to provide physiological bases for selecting late-germination cultivars that can avoid late frost damage， the very late-germination cultivar Malus domestic cv. Avrolles and the control cultivar M. domestic cv. Judeline were used as experimental materials to investigate the characteristics of the respiratory metabolism， the changes of respiratory pathway， respiratory rate and the key enzyme activity during imposed dormancy. The results showed that: changes of respiratory pathway in buds of Avrolles and Judeline had the same trend， but the running activity and time processing of the change were significantly different between the two varieties. The total and EMP respiration intensity of Avrolles were less than that of Judeline， the peak value was 84.6％ and 84.7％ respectively. Time for PPP accumulation in Avrolles was 21 days longer than that in Judeline， the running activity was higher and the amplitude was 2.02 times as that in Judeline. The activity of key enzymes and content of respiratory substrates in Avrolles were lower than that in Judeline. The energy provided by respiratory metabolism was not sufficient， which limited the germination of Avrolles.

Key words： Malus domestic cv. Avrolles； Respiratory pathway； Key enzyme； Respiratory metabolism

隨著氣候變暖，晚霜為害越來越頻繁，給果樹生產造成了巨大損失。選育晚萌發/開花品種是避免晚霜凍害的一個有效途徑，山東農業大學抗性砧木研究室1998年利用農業部‘948’農業先進技術引進項目從法國引進了一批加工品種，從中發現了1個比大多數栽培品種晚萌芽3～4周的品種酸王（Malus domestic cv. Avrolles），在山東泰安4月下旬萌動，4月底或5月初開花，比其他品種如瑞林（M. domestic cv. Judeline）晚20～27 d[1]，能有效避開晚春霜凍。

呼吸代謝是生物氧化和物質轉化的樞紐，其強度和途徑轉變影響并調控植物體器官的生長發育[2]。核果類果樹芽呼吸速率在整個休眠期比較穩定，維持較低的代謝水平，休眠后期略有升高[3]。……