摘 要: 晉贊大棗是從贊皇大棗變異株系中選育出的大果型、極晚熟、制干加工兼用優良棗樹新品種。果個特大,紅色,倒卵圓形或扁柱形,單果質量29.9 g,大小均勻。果肉較致密,適宜制干或加工,品質較好。鮮棗可食率96.1%,總糖含量28.71%,酸0.40%,維生素C 3 528.2 mg·kg-1。制干率51.0%,干棗可食率91.2%,總糖含量50.61%,酸1.21%。山西中部10月上旬成熟,果實生育期110 d左右,屬極晚熟品種。適應性較強,抗病性和抗裂果能力接近于或超過贊皇大棗。
關鍵詞: 棗; 新品種; 晉贊大棗; 大果型
中圖分類號:S665.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980?穴2011?雪06-1130-02
Jinzandazao, a new Chinese jujube cultivar with large fruit for drying and processing
LI Deng-ke,WANG Yong-kang,SUI Chuan-ling,ZHAO Ai-ling,DU Xue-mei
(Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu,Shanxi 030815 China)
Abstract: Jinzandazao is a late-ripening, drying and processing jujube cultivar selected from natural variations of Zanhuangdazao. Its fruit with red skin is large and regular in size and obovate or flat cylinder in shape. Average fruit mass is 29.9 g. It has high quality for drying or processing with compact flesh texture. The content of total sugar is 28.71%,titratable acidity 0.40%, vitamin C 3528.2 mg·kg-1 in fresh fruit; total sugar 50.61%, titratable acidity 1.21% in dried fruit. The edible rate of fresh and dried fruit are 96.1% and 91.2% respectively. The percentage of dried fruit portion is 51.0%. It ripens in early October in middle part of Shanxi province, China with fruit development period 110d. It has a strong adaptability. The disease and cracking resistance of Jinzandazao fruits are the same as those of Zanhuangdazao.
Key words: Chinese jujube; New cultivar; Jinzandazao; Large fruit size
目前,我國棗樹主栽品種大多依然是古老的地方品種當家,普遍存在內部分化和退化嚴重的問題[1]。贊皇大棗是全國十大主栽棗樹品種之一,其適應性較強,耐瘠耐旱,豐產穩產,干鮮兼用,在北方地區已有大面積生產應用[2]。但該品種果個大小一般,缺乏大果型品種類型,導致商品質量下降,每年的殘次果超過30%,造成了極大的經濟損失。而發掘和選育大果型和整齊度較高的換代優良新品種是解決這一問題的關鍵和根本途徑,選優工作對品種改良和結構優化具有重要意義。據此,開展廣泛的資源調查和系統的試驗觀察,以選育大果型品種為主攻目標,同時兼顧豐產性和棗果制干加工品質。通過新品種選育、區域試驗和生產試栽的成功,有望改良地方品種,改善棗果的商品特性,提高棗農收入,保證紅棗產業持續健康穩定向前發展。
1 選育過程
1985年在贊皇大棗原產地和主產區贊皇縣進行品種資源調查和收集時,發現1株大果型自然變異株系。……