6-BA和GA4+7噴施處理及其他措施促進長富2號蘋果幼苗分枝的效果

摘 要： 以八楞海棠+M26+長富2號蘋果苗為試材研究了6-BA單獨噴施、6-BA和GA4+7等量混合物噴施、摘心、摘葉和刻芽等處理促進蘋果幼苗分枝的效果。結(jié)果表明，6-BA及6-BA和GA4+7等量混合物噴施處理能夠有效地促進蘋果幼苗產(chǎn)生分枝；相同施用濃度下，6-BA和GA4+7等量混合物噴施處理的效果要優(yōu)于單獨使用6-BA，其適宜的質(zhì)量濃度為1 500 mg·L-1。摘葉和刻芽不能促進幼苗分枝產(chǎn)生；摘心可促使幼苗產(chǎn)生少量的長枝，但存在分枝數(shù)量少、新生主枝細(xì)弱和分枝角度較小等問題。摘葉結(jié)合6-BA或6-BA和GA4+7等量混合物的施用在低質(zhì)量濃度（500 mg·L-1）下可以顯著提高促分枝效果，高質(zhì)量濃度（1 000~2 000 mg·L-1）時提高作用表現(xiàn)的不顯著。綜合實驗結(jié)果，建議生產(chǎn)中采用1 500 mg·L-1 6-BA和GA4+7等量混合物噴施的方式培育帶分枝蘋果苗木。

關(guān)鍵詞： 蘋果幼苗 ； 6-芐基嘌呤（6-BA）； 赤霉素（GA4+7）； 摘葉； 摘心； 分枝

中圖分類號：Ｓ６６1．1 文獻標(biāo)識碼：Ａ 文章編號：１００９－９９８０?穴２０11?雪０6－1071－０6

Effects of 6-BA and GA4+7 as well as other manual measures on branches formation of apple nursery stock

ZHANG Qing-wei， SONG Chun-hui， XING Li-bo， HAN Ming-yu*， ZHAO Cai-ping， LI Gao-chao

（College of Horticulture， Northwest AF University， Yangling，Shaanxi 712100 China）

Abstract: The apple （Malus domestica Borth.） cultivar Fuji Nagafu No.2 was used to study the effects of 6-BA，equal mixture of 6-BA and GA4+7， leaf removing， pinching and bud notching on improving branching of nursery stock with M26 as interstock and M. robusta Rehd. as rootstock. The results showed that spraying treatments of 6-BA and the equal mixture of 6-BA and GA4+7 were effective for improving seedlings branching situation. When applying same concentration the mixture treatment’s effect was better than 6-BA alone and the most appropriate concentration was 1 500 mg·L-1. Leaf removing and bud notching could not make nursery stock produce any lateral branches；though pinching treatment could produce a small number of long shoots， it could not meet requirement because of its narrow branching angle and thin new-built leader. The treatment combining leaf removing with 6-BA or the mixture spraying gained better effect than 6-BA or the mixture spraying alone when applying lower spraying concentration （500 mg·L-1）； but this improvement could not obtained when applying higher spraying concentration （1 000 to 2 000 mg·L-1）. According to the experiment results， the spraying treatment with equal mixture of 6-BA and GA4+7 at concentration of 1 500 mg·L-1 is proposed to gain apple nursery with well branching situation.

Key words: Apple nursery stock； 6-benzyl aminopurine（6-BA）； Gibberellin（GA4+7）； Leaf removing； Pinching； Lateral branching

蘋果苗木質(zhì)量是蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。隨著我國蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，苗木的質(zhì)量也應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的提高。目前，采用無毒優(yōu)質(zhì)苗木建園已成為業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識[1-3]。除了根、莖、芽和結(jié)合部愈合程度等指標(biāo)外，具有較好的分枝狀況是衡量優(yōu)質(zhì)苗木的另一個重要的方面[3-5]。較為理想的分枝高度、分枝數(shù)目、分枝長度和分枝角度，為較早地形成生產(chǎn)所需的樹形提供了有利的條件[6-7]。大量實驗結(jié)果表明：具有良好分枝狀況的苗木栽植后易于產(chǎn)生結(jié)果枝并形成早期的產(chǎn)量，從而達(dá)到提前獲得收益的目的，而且為整體樹形的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)[7-9]。……