一、教學課型:讀寫技能整合課
英語讀寫技能整合課是PEP NSEFC Using language部分重要課型之一。該課型基于閱讀文本解讀,又超越文本信息重構新的文本。教學過程以讀、寫為主,聽、說為輔,從信息輸入到信息加工處理,最后到信息的輸出,真正著眼于“提高學生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力,特別注重提高學生用英語進行思維和表達的能力”。
二、教材分析
1.教學內容(見文末)
2.教材處理
本單元Using language部分是Reading speaking and writing,閱讀部分是前面一篇閱讀的延續。Speaking 和Writing 這個部分要求學生設計兩張表格,任務太簡單,不能很好幫助學生鞏固本單元所學知。因此,筆者結合本單元閱讀課中所學關于飲食的語言知識和Reading部分中表達勸告的語言功能項目進行整合,重新設置說和寫的任務,要求學生閱讀并學寫勸告信,自然承接、深化本單元話題,進而樹立學生健康飲食的意識,調整和改進自己的飲食習慣。
3.教學目標
(1)知識目標:學習并掌握本單元的單詞,短語,句型:
詞匯:diet,balance,energy-giving,benefit,combine,curiosity,raw,slim,strength,limit,tired of,ought to,newly-opened,no longer,cut down the fat
句型:Nothing could have been better! My research has shown me that…
…We combine…providing a balanced menu for you…
(2)能力目標:學會使用本課所要求的詞匯短語和句型,通過就餐這一話題,嘗試創寫寫作教學模式,加強對寫前階段(詞句運用、仿寫)、寫作階段(撰寫初稿)和寫后階段(展示評價修改定稿)的指導,使學生了解過程性寫作的基本步驟。
(3)學習策略目標:通過情境,在交流中培養學生的交際策略,在合作中加強自我意識,尊重他人觀點,通過同伴互評、教師點評和學生自評,形成有效的英語學習策略。
(4)情感目標:學會健康飲食;同時培養學生的合作學習能力,體驗因創造語言、理解掌握語言而帶來的成功感受。
(5)文化意識目標:了解中西方飲食文化的異同,了解兩種飲食習慣的優缺點。
4.教學重點與難點
(1)在短時間內搜索大腦中已儲存的詞匯、短語,進行口頭表達和書面寫出。
(2)現在分詞在句中做伴隨狀語的仿句練習。
(3)8分鐘內完成寫作。
三、教學設計
1.總體思路
本課采用三段七步讀寫整合教學模式,并根據該模式的教學建議進行了“閱讀創寫”的試驗性教學。閱讀文本不是寫作文本的范文,閱讀文本與寫作目標文本僅部分相關,或者題材相關如思想、內容相關;或者體裁相關如結構、文體等;或知識相關如詞匯、語法、句型及語篇知識等的寫作訓練屬于閱讀創寫。“三段七步讀寫整合教學模式”是基于語言整合教學思想和讀寫遷移理論針對PEP SEFC(2003)Integrating skills部分和PEP NSEFC(2004)Using language 部分Reading and writing構建的教學模式。該教學模式的“三段”是指讀、說、寫三個教學階段,“七步”是指話題導入、讀前預測、快速閱讀、讀后討論、寫前學練、初稿寫作和初稿評改七個教學步驟。本節課教學設計總體思路如下:
本課是在學生學完本單元的第一篇閱讀的基礎上進行的讀說寫綜合課。學生對該單元的單詞、短語、課文、和話題已有了一定的了解和熟悉,并借助了多媒體教學手段。在教學過程中筆者堅持以學生為中心,采用學生獨立思考,小組合作和全員參與相結合的活動方式,從調動學生的學習興趣入手,展示精美可口的食物,交流各自最喜愛的食物及理由,再到閱讀課文第二部分,對課文中優美句型欣賞、仿寫,體驗造句帶來的創造美,然后順理成章地提供語境,運用詞句,謀篇布局。所以本堂課的設計流程為:詞匯復習(食物名稱、核心詞匯填空)→課文快速閱讀和句型欣賞、仿寫→語境導入→話題寫作→交流、評價(互評、師評、自評)。上述各環節緊緊圍繞本單元話題Healthy Eating展開,環環相扣,層層遞進,促使學生在活動中相互學習,共同合作,從而實現話題、功能、詞匯和語言技能的有機結合,提高學生的綜合語言運用能力。
2.教學過程(話題導入)
Tep 1 Lead-in
(1)Today we'll continue to talk about healthy eating.
What is your favorite breakfast?Why do you like it best?
[設計說明]
運用直觀畫面,創設早餐桌情景,激發學生從記憶中提取已有的詞匯,點燃學生的表達欲望,既復習已學的食物名稱,又引出本堂課話題,營養與健康飲食,為下文的閱讀作好鋪墊。
(2)Our bodies need food to give us energy. What is a healthy diet?Nutrients give us advice as follows:
[設計說明]
強化學生的健康飲食觀,為能寫出一篇好的就餐于學校餐廳的演講提供理念依據。
Step2. Predicting(讀前預測)
Predict the content of reading “come and eat here”(2)
[設計說明]本環節在上一步的討論之后提出,讓學生猜測閱讀內容,旨在培養學生在特定的情景中預測下文內容的能力,并為下一步的閱讀做好準備。
Step3. Fast reading(快速閱讀)
Read and answer the following questions:
Q1: Pengwei was worried when he thought his restaurant would no longer be popular because_____.
A. He would be in debt
B. He would lose his job
C. He could no longer earn his living
Q2: Pengwei's research showed _____.
A. His menu was balanced
B. Both menus were balanced
C. Neither menus was balanced
Q3: He suggested they provide a combined menu because ______.
A. He liked Yong Hui
B. He didn't want to lose his customers
C. This would provide a balanced diet
[設計說明]筆者要求學生快速閱讀,理解文章主要意思,并讓學生再次閱讀并和同桌討論閱讀中出現的好句,為以后的寫作環節做好鋪墊。
Step4. Preparation for writing(寫前學練)
Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.
Wang Pengwei felt 1 in an empty restaurant because no customers have come to his restaurant ever since he got up early in the morning. He wanted to find out why. He hurried out and 2 Maochang into a 3 restaurant . He found that the owner named Yong Hui was serving slimming foods to make people thin. Driven by 4 , Wang Pengwei came forward to take a close look at the menu. He could not even 5 his eyes. He was 6 at what he saw. He hurried outside and got online to do some 7 . After a lot of reading, he 8 that Yong Hui's food made people become
9 quickly because it has no 10 food. Arriving home Wang Pengwei. rewrote his own sign. To his joy, people began coming to his restaurant again, He was able to 11 hi living now. He looked 12 to being rich and he wouldn't be in 13 any longer. Then all of a sudden Yong Hui walked in with anger. Wang Pengwei asked her to try a meal of his. Although enjoying the dumpling served there, Yong Hui looked ill and felt sick with the fatty pork and all those heavy food. They chatted about offering a 14 diet and providing a balanced menu to 15 down the fat and increase the fibre in the meal. They learned from each other. In the end they decided to turn the two restaurants into a big one. They got 16 and lived happily ever after!
[設計說明]
這一環節是對閱讀的落實,通過對本單元課文的改編,使學生在熟悉的語境中,離開書本,寫出單詞,把任務落實到寫,即掌握的要求上。以上所填內容均是根據課標,要求學生必須會寫、會用的積極詞匯。
Revision of the Sentence Pattern:
Imitate the following sentences from the text and try to write one of your own with similar patterns.
(1)Tired of all that fat? Want to be thinner?
Translation:你厭倦了城市生活嗎?想去鄉下嗎?
(Tired of city life? Want to go to the country?)
YOU TRY: ___________
(2)Nothing could have been better.
Nothing could be finer than to be in Hainan in winter.
Translation:這是我們能為女兒買到的最好的電腦。
(1)Nothing could be better than the computer I bought for my daughter.
(2)We couldn't buy a better computer for our daughter than this.)
YOU TRY: ___________
(3)Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning.
Kate stood at the bus stop waiting for her father. Her father who she hadn't seen for years world come on a bus soon!
YOU TRY:___________
(4)Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside. It was full of people.
Curiosity drove me into the cave. It was very dark inside. I could see nothing but smell a fanny smell.
YOU TRY: ___________
(5)My research has shown me that neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet.
Our research has shown us that exercising immediately after a meal is harmful to our health.
YOU TRY: ___________
[設計說明]
有了詞匯、短語而沒有句的正確結構,再多再好的沙、石、磚也堆砌不成高樓大廈。因此,我把兩篇閱讀課文中優美的句子都羅列出來,進行模仿。對教學中的語言載體進行挖掘,為寫作素材做準備。而以上的仿句練習又有別于傳統的句子漢英翻譯,枯燥乏味;而是讓學生感知句子結構的同時,又給出語境,然后讓學生再創設情境,在情境中仿寫出句子,既有利于學生創造性思維的訓練,又有助于他們寫作能力的提高。
Step 5 Writing(初稿寫作)
If you are the manager of the restaurant in our school. Please write a composition to advise us to eat here.
Hints:
Slim, benefit, combine, energy-giving food, body-building food, tired of ,offer a balanced diet, newly-opened restaurant, no longer, cut down the fat,
You ought to…
So…that…
[設計說明]
通過以上詞、句的訓練,為學生的寫作做好了鋪墊,再亮出學校餐廳的照片,給出任務(身為餐廳經理,如何吸引本校師生來你的餐廳就餐),給出要求(盡可能運用所給的詞匯、短語和句型),來寫一篇文章。
Step 6 Assessment(初稿評改)
Ask four students to be the managers of the restaurant in our school. Give a speech to advise students to eat in the restaurant.
The whole class have to assess it according to this form:
(very well,ok,little,yes,no)
[設計說明]
學生在課堂上完成寫作后,教師及時組織評價活動能收到最佳效果。教師先呈現評價標準并引導學生根據該評價標準評價四位“經理”的演講,然后讓學生表決誰是最好的經理。最后讓學生互評習作,取長補短。教師評價、學生互評和自評充分調動了學生的參與熱情,使他們從評價的被動接受者變成了評價的主體和積極參與者。這種評價體系是學生主動建構完整知識體系的保障。
Step 5 Homework
Analyze your own article,correct it and copy it into your exercise-book neatly and correctly.
[設計說明]
這環節是課堂任務的延伸,旨在鞏固學生所建構的知識。另外,學生評價、批改、抄寫自己的習作,有利于發展學生的學習策略,培養和形成他們的良好習慣。
四、教學反思
筆者依照上述教學設計,采用“三段七步讀寫整合教學模式”,按計劃完成了學習任務,達到了預定教學目標。由于教學思路清晰,教學設計環環緊扣,讀、說、寫活動彼此配合,前后照應,絕大多數學生在課上完成了初稿寫作,和學生的初稿評價。受教學時間限制,讀后討論取消,二稿修改要求課后完成。
根據評價表提出修改建議,最后要求學生根據同伴提出的修改建議,獨立修改自己的作文。結果發現:本教學方法采用后,學生作文在語言和語篇質量方面明顯提高。學生作文詞句豐富了,語言錯誤和標點符號錯誤減少了。由于初稿評改環節都在課上完成,學生互評興致很高,在修改同伴作文時細致,耐心。批改作文時筆者發現,許多中等學生寫出了優秀的文章。另外,學生習作中所運用的詞匯和語言更加高級,即學生不拘泥于閱讀文本的簡單模仿,而是嘗試使用不同于組內其他成員的詞匯和語匯。
總之,采用“讀寫整合”教學,保證教師有足夠時間關注寫作語言技巧訓練,降低了寫作難度,學生對寫作不再有恐懼心理,而是有詞語寫,有句型寫,有內容寫。保證學生課上有充足時間進行初稿寫作、初稿評閱和初稿修改,避免了寫作中常見的語法錯誤,提高了作文檔次。保證教師在課上對學生的寫作過程進行有效監督和指導,閱讀,寫作,評改完整一體,真正“發展了學生綜合語言應用能力”。
【參考文獻】
[1] 中華人民共和國教育部. 普通高中英語課程標準[M].北京:人民教育出版社. 2003.
[2] 羅曉杰.高中英語讀寫技能整合教學模式研究[D]. 華東師范大學碩士學位論文.2006.
[3] 戴軍熔. Unit 1 Friendship 教學設計.中小學外語教學高中課型課例交流與研究2007.
(作者單位:浙江省永嘉中學)