摘要:虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中的重難點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:虛擬語(yǔ)氣、復(fù)習(xí)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中的重難點(diǎn),學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中受所學(xué)“if”真實(shí)條件句影響,把握不準(zhǔn)時(shí)態(tài)變化;3.忽略虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用;4.忽略隱含條件句;5.忽略在實(shí)際交際中表示婉轉(zhuǎn)或禮貌用法。
所以筆者認(rèn)為,在整個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)中必須注意以下幾點(diǎn):
一、概括總結(jié)英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣要領(lǐng)和分類,從而引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣概念,使學(xué)生在清楚的概念之下正確分析句式,從而掌握好語(yǔ)法。
二、把虛擬語(yǔ)氣運(yùn)用情況分類講解、練習(xí)。
1.在條件句中的運(yùn)用。
條件句指表示假定情況的句子,是最常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句
型,可表示對(duì)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的假設(shè)。表示不同時(shí)間的假設(shè)時(shí),條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)不同。
①對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)時(shí),條件旬中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去或be動(dòng)詞一段用were),結(jié)果主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。如:If I were rich.I would buy that car.If I had a car,I should be very happy。
②對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”,結(jié)果主句中用should/would等
+have+過(guò)去分詞。如: If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her。.
③對(duì)將來(lái)情況的假設(shè)(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)。條件句中用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)或should+@~形或were+to+動(dòng)詞原形,結(jié)果主句中用should/would等+動(dòng)訶原形,如:I Saw him tomorrow,I would pass your note to him;If it should rain,we wouldn’t go on a picnic tomorrow。
2.歸納總結(jié)識(shí)別不明條件句。
①虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句或主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略,但意義仍存在。如:I wouldn’t have done it。(省去了if/had been you)。
②省去結(jié)果主句的虛擬結(jié)果,常用來(lái)表示愿望的“if only”指將來(lái),動(dòng)詞用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
③表示含蓄條體的情況:a.連詞other wise,or或but,如:The old man’s hand shook constantly,otherwise he should still be working。b.介詞with,without,order,but for等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),如:with your help,we might finsish the work earlier。c.不定式短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)等。如:a.would be a mistake not to help him bit it be mot flor結(jié)構(gòu),總為“……要是沒(méi)有……”也是一種虛擬條件句。
3.總結(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用情況。
賓語(yǔ)從句中:
a.在動(dòng)詞wish弓J導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿
望:主句表達(dá)的愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式,如I wish I could buy the house;主句表達(dá)的愿望與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí):如I wish I had known the news yesterday;主句表達(dá)的愿望與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞用would等+動(dòng)詞原形。如I wish I would fly to Beijing tomorrow。
b.在表示命令、建議、要求等動(dòng)詞后(即demand suggest order,insist propose request ask advise prefer等)的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)“should+ 詞原形,或should省略。
c.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在his+形容詞/名詞+that……,,這類句型中,這些作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞或名詞表情緒、觀點(diǎn),如:neces sary important,impossible,natural,strange,surprising,pity等。that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形\"。如:It is necessary that you(should)clean the room after work.
d.用在it+過(guò)去分詞+that……句式中,這類動(dòng)詞有
order.suggest,propose,require,demand,insist.其中it為形式主語(yǔ),that從句中動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”如:It is
suggested that we(should)take action for that right now.
e.在表語(yǔ)從句中,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)常為order suggestion request。proposal,requirement等名詞,如:My suggestions that we(should)take measures to protect our environment immediately.
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句中。
①由as if/as though(好像)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞回過(guò)去式(be用were)指與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,用“had+過(guò)去分詞\"指與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況,如:He looks as if he were ill,She talked about Beijing as though she had been there.但要闡明,as if/as though從句中表達(dá)的若是真實(shí)情況,則用陳述語(yǔ)氣,如:It looks as if it is going to rain。
②even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí),類似的還有though,as though/so long as,no matter+疑問(wèn)詞等。如No matter how dangerous it might be, he would have a try。