試評“學習目標”的“得力”與“無力”

美國心理學家布魯姆把認知領域的教育目標分成：知道、領會、應用、分析、綜合、評價六個層次。前三層是認知的初級，后三層是認知的高級。接下來我們將走進幾段案例，看看老師們制訂的目標中有哪些優勢與不足。

一、七年級上冊：Unit 7 How much are these pants？

P41~42Section A （1a~2c）

1.知識與能力

A.單詞和詞組（教材P103~104）

B.目標語言

—What’s this？

— It’s a sweater.

—What color is the sweater？

—It’s red.

—How much is the red sweater？

—It’s $24.

—What are these？

—They are hats.

—What color are they？

—They are black.

—How much are these black hats？

—They’re $ ten.

2.過程與方法

聽、說、讀、寫。

3.情感、態度、價值觀

國際視野。

點評：該目標沒有用外顯的動詞來描述；知識與能力目標沒有把難重點—How much is the red sweater？ —It’s $24. —How much are these black hats？ —They’re $ ten. 突顯出來。過程與方法、情感態度價值觀的表述漢語過多且空洞，表述不明確具體。通過本課時的學習應該學會詢問價格，合理制訂自己的購物計劃，養成良好的習慣，做一個心中有“數”，生活有“序”的人！

二、七年級下冊：Review of Unit 4I want to be an actor.

P19~24Section A Self check

1.Knowledge and skills

A. To master the key vocabulary and phrases in Unit 4;

Jobs：shop assistant ，doctor ，actor ，reporter ，policeman ，policewoman ， waiter，bank clerk，student

Workplaces：bank，TV station，police station，hospital，restaurant Adjectives：exciting， dangerous， busy， fun， difficult， boring

Phrases: work for， work as ， work late， work hard ， work with， be in a hospital， be kind of dangerous， talk to sb.， talk with sb. call sb. at ... ， want sb. to do sth.

B. To talk about the jobs with the target language;

A: What do you do？B: I am a bank clerk.

A: Where do you work？B: I work in a bank.

A: What do you want to be？ B: I want to be an actor.

A: Why do you want to be an actor？ B: Because it’s an exciting job.

C. To learn how to read English passages.

2. Processes and methods

With the learning strategies of brainstorming，reading，listening， pair working and writing， to revise the key points of Unit 4.

3.Sensibilities and value

Enjoy reading English. Each job got its master.

點評：該目標語長達200字，在knowledge and skills中A. B. 的目標表述太細，這些目標語言可標注為A.（自主導航一 A） jobs: 8；Workplaces: 5; Adjectives: 6; Phrases: 11; B.（自主導航一 B）4 pairs sentences. 而C（自主導航一 C）的目標表述又太粗略。可這樣表述：To read the article by reading skills just like pause，tone，speed and feeling. Enjoy reading English. Love what you love. 目標1中的knowledge and skill的字樣 、目標2~3的全部都可以去掉。

三、八年級上冊： Unit 10 I am going to be a basketball player.

P 59~60Section A （1a~2c）

1.We are going to remember nine key vocabularies on P 105 and knowhow the words are made， like engine→engineer， professor

profession→professional.

2.We are going to listen to the tape to get key words and read 4 key sentences freely on P59 and write 8 sentences with them.

3. We are going to describe our dream jobs with “be going to ”. Try to bea volunteer of the job from now on.

點評：該目標體現了構詞法學法指導，有外顯的動詞表述，目標中用“我們”拉近了師生的距離，并且多次用到be going to do sth. 來提出目標，激發和培養學生學習英語的興趣，逐步形成有效的學習策略，發展自主學習的能力，是一個以生為本、學以致用的佳作。

四、八年級下冊：Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived？

P24

Reading：Do you remember what you were doing？

1.Listen to the whole material freely without any task. Let’s appreciate the listening.

2.Read the whole material as naturally as we can. Enjoy the reading pleasure.

3.Understand the importance of the first sentence in each paragraphbefore you read and more information then retell the reading.You can do it.

點評：該目標遵循了英語聽、讀輸入的規律，在最自然、最放松的狀態下學生接受得最快。使學生樹立了英語學習的自信心。目標3中突出了抓首括句、核心信息的閱讀策略，為短文的復述奠定了基礎，同時讓學生了解了中西方朗讀的差異性。

綜上所述，制訂目標時要體現正確、具體、簡潔、分層、可操作和可測性。如果我們做到對結果的了解再開始，步伐將會朝著正確的方向前行，真正為激發興趣、培養能力、完善人格而服務。

（作者單位 山西省呂梁孝義市）