[摘要] 目的 探討重癥顱腦外傷患者的監護及護理措施。 方法 回顧性分析筆者所在醫院2008年6月~2011年12月收治的58例重癥顱腦外傷患者的臨床資料,總結臨床監護及護理方法。 結果 本組58例患者治愈38例,好轉17例,死亡3例,死亡率為5.17%;術后僅1例出現肺部感染,無其他并發癥。 結論 重癥顱腦外傷患者病情重、變化快、預后差,因此臨床嚴密監測、觀察患者病情并進行全面、細致的護理,對提高其臨床療效、降低死亡率具有重要意義。
[關鍵詞] 重癥顱腦外傷;監測;護理療效
[中圖分類號] R473.5 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)22-139-02
Guardianship and care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
WANG Sujian
First People's Hospital of Siping City, Siping 136000,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate guardianship and care measures of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods Clinical data of 58 patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the author's hospital from June 2008 to December 2011 were reviewed and summarized clinical monitoring and nursing. Results In 58 patients, 38 cases were cured,17cases improved, 3 cases died , the mortality rate was 5.17%.There was only 1 case of pulmonary infection and no other complications. Conclusion Patients with severe traumatic brain injury have the features of severe illness, changes quickly and poor prognosis, so close clinical observation of the patient's condition and conducting a comprehensive and meticulous care have great significance to improve clinical efficacy and reduce mortality.
[Key words] Severe traumatic brain injury;Guardianship;Care efficacy
顱腦外傷是神經外科常見疾病之一,重癥患者病情兇險,復雜多變,因此致殘致死率較高。據報道我國由創傷而致命的患者中,有50%以上與顱腦外傷密切相關[1]。因此提高重癥顱腦外傷的救治水平對挽救患者的生命具有重要意義,而嚴密的病情監測及全面細致的護理在提高臨床救治水平中至關重要。回顧性分析筆者所在醫院2008年6月~2011年12月收治的58例重癥顱腦外傷患者的臨床資料,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
筆者所在醫院2008年6月~2011年12月收治的58例重癥顱腦外傷患者,男39例,女19例,年齡19~72歲,平均(45.8±5.2)歲;其中交通事故27例,高處墜落18例,重物擊打傷11例,其余2例;其中腦挫裂傷19例,硬膜下血腫16例,硬膜外血腫15例,腦內血腫5例,腦疝3例;患者受傷至就診時間20 min~12 h,平均(5.2±0.3)h。上述所有患者均經MRI或頭顱CT檢查確診。
1.2 治療方法
藥物保守治療患者采用常規脫水、抗感染、止血、降壓治療,應用藥物包括甘露醇、皮質醇激素、血管擴張劑、B族維生素、自由基清除劑等,治療4~5周;……