腦血管病的臨床護理

[摘要] 目的 探討腦血管病的護理方法。 方法 對本院收治的19例腦血管疾病患者根據(jù)病情和發(fā)病時期給予針對性的護理，總結(jié)護理體會。 結(jié)果 19例患者中有10例基本康復，5例言語和肢體功能留有輕度障礙，4例預計預后也需臥床的患者，也達到了生活能基本自理或在別人攙扶下可以下床活動。 結(jié)論 針對不同的患者，不同的病情、不同的時期，給予不同的護理措施，強調(diào)在病情穩(wěn)定后采取適當?shù)墓δ苠憻挘Z言康復訓練，飲食指導，心理疏導。幫助他們樹立戰(zhàn)勝疾病的信心，可以減少腦血管疾病的并發(fā)癥，降低致殘率，從而達到早日康復的目的。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 腦血管病；功能鍛煉；護理

[中圖分類號] R473.74 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616（2012）22-145-02

Clinical nursing of cerebrovascular disease

WEI Guiying WANG Jingge

Jian'an Center Hospital of Dongliao County，Dongliao 136608，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the nursing experience of cerebrovascular disease. Methods 19 cases with cerebrovascular disease in the author's hospital were given the corresponding nursing according to the illness and onset period， summarized the nursing experience. Results There were 10 cases achieved basic rehabilitation among the 19 patients，5 cases hand minimal brain dysfunction of speech and body function，4 cases were told by the doctors that they need to lie in bed，and had the the basic physical life or could off the bed done some activities in other hands. Conclusion According to different patients，different illness；different period give different nursing measures，emphasize take the appropriate function exercise，language rehabi- litation training，diet instruction and psychological counseling after stable condition，help them to estab- lish the confidence of conquer disease，can reduce cerebrovascular disease complications and morbidity，so as to achieve the purpose of recover at an early date.

[Key words] Cerebrovascular disease；Function exercise；Nursing

流行病學調(diào)查顯示，腦血管疾病與心血管疾病一起成為我國人口中主要的致死和致殘的原因[1]。急性腦血管病又稱為腦中風，起病急、進展快。大量的臨床經(jīng)驗表明，藥物治療不可缺，臨床護理在疾病治療和康復中的作用更是不可缺少的重要部分。故對腦血管病患者給予細致的臨床觀察和精心的護理對患者的預后有重要意義。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

筆者所在醫(yī)院2010年9月～2012年3月共收治腦血管病患者19例。其中男12例，女7例，年齡52～72歲，平均（62.0±5.1）歲。經(jīng)臨床表現(xiàn)、體格檢查、上級醫(yī)院或本院CT檢查等診斷得出。其中腦出血1例，腦梗死18例。所有患者給予常規(guī)治療并針對每位患者的病情和特征進行細致、有針對性的精心護理。

1.2 護理方法

1.2.1 急性期的護理

1.2.1.1 體位 首選側(cè)臥位，尤以健側(cè)臥位，這樣的體位有利于口腔分泌物的流出，避免發(fā)生舌后墜。……