[摘要] ICU綜合征是因為心理壓力所導致的疾病,除自身表現出煩躁焦慮、言語錯亂、思維紊亂、抑郁恐懼等反應外,嚴重者可能會發生自傷、自殺、傷人等過激行為。入住ICU患者患ICU綜合征的成因很多,ICU醫護人員要加強對ICU綜合征的認識,針對其患癥原因,采取有針對性的措施。工作中要精益求精,認真做好對ICU綜合征及患者的預防、醫護和防范工作,既要給患者在ICU提供更舒適和更人性化的醫護服務,又要防止ICU綜合征暴力行為的發生;既要確保患者的安全,又要保護好醫護人員自身的安全,通過ICU醫護人員共同努力,把ICU綜合征暴力行為發生率和產生的危害降到最低。
[關鍵詞] ICU綜合征;暴力行為;干預防護
[中圖分類號] R473.6 [文獻標識碼] C [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)22-173-02
Medical and nursing intervention and self-protection for violent behaviors of patients with ICU syndrome
REN Min
EICU, Xuzhou Central Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221009, China
[Abstract] ICU syndrome is a disease caused by psychological pressure, which manifests irritability and anxiety, paraphasia, thinking disorders, depression and fear, or even self-injury, suicidal, assault and other acute behaviors. There are many factors causing ICU syndrome for ICU patients. Medical staffs in ICU should strengthen their understanding of ICU syndrome, take cause-specific and effective measures, strive for excellence in work, and complete the prevention, nursing and protection work for patients with ICU syndrome. They should not only provide more comfortable and humanized medical and nursing services in ICU, but also prevent the occurrence of ICU syndrome violence. They need to not only guarantee the patients' safety, but also protect the safety of medical staffs. The occurrence rate of ICU syndrome violence and its harm should be reduced to the minimum through the joint effort of ICU medical staffs.
[Key words] ICU syndrome; Violent behavior; Intervention and protection
ICU綜合征(ICU syndrome),也稱加護病房綜合征,是指由于加護病房的封閉式環境及其間進行的醫療行為而對患者身心所產生的影響,進而引致譫妄、精神病、精神官能癥等心理方面的疾病。患ICU綜合征的患者在ICU治療期間有諸多臨床表現。除自身表現出煩躁焦慮、言語錯亂、思維紊亂、抑郁恐懼等反應外,嚴重者可能會發生自傷、自殺、傷人等過激行為。其負面影響和后果不僅會影響患者本人的治愈率和人身安全[1],而且還會直接危及其他患者和醫護人員的安全。
1 臨床資料
選擇收治EICU的患者為研究對象,對2007年4月~2012年6月入住EICU患者發生ICU綜合征的臨床資料進行研究。發病比例:統計入住EICU后神志清、入住時間>24 h、無精神病既往史的患者共有394例,其中出現ICU綜合征79例,男34例,女45例,發生率為20.0%,其中15例較為嚴重,發生了自傷和傷人事件。……