早產兒視網膜病變發生率及相關因素分析

[摘要]目的 通過對早產兒進行視網膜病變篩查，了解早產兒視網膜病變的發病狀況，并對其相關因素進行分析。 方法 回顧性分析2008年1月～2011年2月筆者所在醫院出生的200例早產兒240只眼進行早產兒視網膜病變篩查的臨床資料。使用單因素及Logistic多因素逐步回歸分析方法比較危險因素與早產兒視網膜病變發生的相關性。 結果 早產兒中視網膜病變的現患率為9.0%（18/200）。18例患兒進行了視網膜激光光凝術，均手術成功。隨訪5個月，病情均得到控制。Logistic回歸結果顯示孕周相當早產兒中，氧療、低體質量及感染是早產兒視網膜病變發生的危險因素。 結論 氧療、低體質量及感染是早產兒視網膜病變發生的重要因素。對早產兒進行視網膜病變篩查并及時進行有效治療，可控制病變，降低早產兒的致盲率。

[關鍵詞]視網膜病；早產兒；新生兒篩查；發病率；相關因素

[中圖分類號] R722 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616（2012）22-213-02

Incidence of retinopathy of premature children and its related factors

ZHANG Jianwen HUANG Guoqiang XIE Zhichao

Pediatrics Department，People's Hospital of Dongguan City in Guangdong Province，Dongguan 523000，China

[Abstract] Objective To study the incidence of preterm children with ROP and analyze its related factors according to retinopathy screening of premature children. Methods The ROP screening clinical data of 240 eyes of 200 preterm infants born in our hospital from January 2008 to February 2011 were retrospective analyzed. Univariate and Logistic multivariate stepwise regression analysis method was used to analyze the relationship between risk factors and ROP. Results The prevalence rate of ROP in preterm children was 9.0%（18/200）. 18 patients were given retinal laser photocoagulation surgery，all were successful. After 5 months Follow-up， the condition was under control. Logistic regression analysis showed that the oxygen therapy，low body mass and infection were risk factors of ROP in children with rather gestational age. Conclusion Oxygen therapy，low body mass and infection were important factors of ROP in the premature children. ROP screening and timely and effective treatment can control the disease，reduce the blinding rate of preterm children.

[Key words] Retinopathy；Premature children；Newborn screening；Morbidity；Relevant factors

早產兒視網膜病變（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）是發生于早產兒和低體重兒中的視網膜血管增生性病變[1]。ROP的確切病因仍未明確，了解視網膜病變的發病情況和相關因素，提高認識，早期發現、早期診斷、早期治療，才能避免早產兒視網膜病變致盲。本研究筆者對2008年1月～2011年2月醫院出生的200例早產兒進行ROP的篩查，現報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2008年1月～2011年2月筆者所在醫院出生的200例早產兒為研究對象，其中，男76例，女124例；胎齡28～35周，其中28～29周43例，30～32周96例，33～35周61例；出生體質量1 000～1 500 g者30例，1 501～2 000 g者68例，2 001～2 500 g者84例，2 501～3 000 g者18例；順產133例，剖宮產67例；雙胎25例，單胎175例；……