高考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)解析

我們先看兩道2012年江蘇省英語高考題。

1.The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he____some European business partners.

A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met

2.The presidents hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ____.

A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start

〖解題思路〗第一題，句意：據(jù)說，經(jīng)理已經(jīng)從巴黎歸來了，在那兒他會(huì)見了一些生意伙伴。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意可知，“回來”發(fā)生在過去，“會(huì)見歐洲生意伙伴”發(fā)生在“回來”之前，即過去的過去，需用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為D項(xiàng)。第二題，句意：總統(tǒng)希望在他離任時(shí)民眾的生活比他就任時(shí)過得更好。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，設(shè)空出動(dòng)作（開始履職）發(fā)生在過去，所以需用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

通過以上兩題，我們可以明確現(xiàn)在的高考對于時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考查的要求越來越高，大部分試題趨于情境化、實(shí)際化。因此，仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語境，根據(jù)具體語境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一，即細(xì)體會(huì)，明語境?？祭缦拢?/p>

例1：After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it ____.（2012安徽，35）

A. was decorated B. had decorated

C. had been decorated D. was being decorated

〖解題思路〗根據(jù)句中的went可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；又根據(jù)句意可知空格敘述正在發(fā)生的情況；根據(jù)it（the reading-room）與decorated之間的關(guān)系可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

例2：——Kevin，you look worried. Anything wrong？

——Well，I ____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.（2012重慶，22）

A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take

〖解題思路〗根據(jù)語境，參加考試應(yīng)試是過去的事，故用過去時(shí)，排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；此空處不表示“過去的過去”，故排除C項(xiàng)。

例3：She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ____ everything?。?011山東，35）

A. had been eating B. had eaten

C. have eaten D. have been eating

〖解題思路〗本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。孩子們吃光冰箱里的東西發(fā)生在She was surprised to find…之前，即過去的過去，所以用過去完成時(shí)，故選B。

例4：——What a mistake！

——Yes. I ___ his doing it another way，but without success.

A. was suggesting B. will suggest

C. would suggest D. had suggested

〖解題思路〗從語境看，他已經(jīng)犯了錯(cuò)誤，那么“建議”是在他做事之前的動(dòng)作，是“過去的過去”，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，而不是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)。

除了上述的細(xì)體會(huì)，明語境，還有以下常用解題技巧：

一 識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞

如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語，則通常情況下可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)?？祭缦拢?/p>

例1：By the time you have finished this book，your meal ___ cold.（2012北京，22）

A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting

〖解題思路〗根據(jù)題干，by the time后的從句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表達(dá)現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，因此主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故選擇C項(xiàng)。

例2：His first novel _____ good reviews since it came out last month.（2011陜西，12）

A. receives B. is receiving

C. will receive D. has received

〖解題思路〗根據(jù)since it came out last month，可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇C項(xiàng)。

例3：Up to now，the program ____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.（2010山東，30）

A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved

〖解題思路〗up to now相當(dāng)于by now，要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，故選D項(xiàng)。

二 固定搭配或句式

如果題干構(gòu)成某種固定搭配或句式，則根據(jù)規(guī)則選擇需要的時(shí)態(tài)。考例如下：

——Did you listen to the report last Friday？

——Yes，it was about the shortage of migrant workers. That was the first time I ___ about the subject.（2011江蘇南通二模）

A. heard B. was hearing C. would hear D. had heard

〖解題思路〗固定句式：在“This/That was the first/ second…time+從句”中，從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去完成時(shí)。

三 主從時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

如果題干是主從復(fù)合句，可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)?？祭缦拢?/p>

——When shall we restart our business？

——Not until we ____ our plan.（2010四川，16）

A. will finish B. are finishing

C. are to finish D. have finish

〖解題思路〗until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以A、C排除；finish幾乎不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，排除B項(xiàng)，故選D項(xiàng)。

〖?xì)w納〗（1）在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)。（2）正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境。（3）解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則：主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。

四 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

1. As he approached the door，Mike looked into the room again to see if he ___ anything behind.

A. left B. had left C. has left D. would leave

2. ——Have you got any information about your missing dog from the police？ ——No. I ___. The police say they’ll let me know when there is any news.

A. waited B. was waiting C. have wait D. am waiting

3. Mr. Smith works with an auto company，but he ___ for this industrial exhibition，since he is on leave.

A. has worked B. worked

C. has been working D. is working

4. ——We must act now. ——I think so. Time ___.

A. was running out B. has run out

C. is running out D. has been running out

5. ——Excuse me，sir. Could I leave for a while to buy something？ ——All right，but don’t be too late. Your flight ___ boarding at a quarter past two.

A. has begun B. began C. is to begin D. begins

6. Don’t worry. I’ who ___ your good friend，will try my best to help you out.

A. is B. am C. was D. has been

7. When Mike ___ the front door，he couldn’t find his key. So he had wait for his wife to come back.

A. would open B. was to open

C. had open D. opened

8. An emergency meeting will be held tomorrow，at which the bill ___ to pass.

A. is expected B. will be expected

C. expects D. will expect

9. Until we have discussed all the details，no decision ___ about any new operations.

A. will be made B. is made

C. is being made D. has been made

10. Jack could have avoided that terrible car accident，but he ___ careful enough.

A. is not B. was not C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been

11. ——Has Yang Liping returned from Yunnan yet？ I’d like to meet her. ——Sorry. She ___ back here only for last weekend.

A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was

12. ——Will you be able to see Jennifer’s parents when the first class is over？ ——I’m afraid not. I ___ a lecture on British litrature in the hall.

A. will attend B. am attending

C. will be attending D. am going to attend

13. The black box is a necessary device on an airplane，which recoeds its speed，direction and whether everything on the airplane ___ normally.

A. will function B. functioned

C. is functioning D. has functioned

14. the new shirt you bought for me ___ very comfortably.

A. is worn B. is wearing C. has worn D. wears

15. It is reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research ___.

A. will be done B. had been done

C. has been done D. will have been done

答案：B D D C D B B A A B D C C D C。

〔責(zé)任編輯：肖薇〕