昌吉市育齡婦女貧血狀況調查分析

陳瑛+周冬梅+陳海娟

[摘要] 目的 了解昌吉市育齡婦女貧血患病狀況及有關影響因素，提出預防、干預措施。 方法 采用整群抽樣方法，分別對2011年及2012年同期內的昌吉市城區工廠、機關、學校及周邊農牧區的15～49周歲育齡婦女共計8709人進行血紅蛋白（Hb）檢測。選取2011年及2012年在我院住院的316例育齡貧血女患者，給予葉酸、維生素B12、鐵蛋白測定，必要時行骨髓穿刺、活檢等檢查以明確病因。同時進行有關影響因素的問卷調查，進行統計分析。 結果 在所調查的8 709名育齡婦女中，2011年貧血患病率為18.15%，2012年為19.36%，患病率無明顯差異；2011年及2012年的昌吉市城區與周邊農牧區貧血患病率均無明顯差異；但妊娠期婦女貧血患病率均明顯高于育齡期婦女。貧血患者中主要為缺鐵性貧血。本調查分析與貧血發生有關的影響因素有年齡、民族、職業、飲奶茶習慣、月經情況、家庭收入情況、既往有無慢性病史、有無伴隨消化道癥狀、工作壓力等。 結論 昌吉市育齡期婦女貧血患病率略低于全國平均患病率，但整體人數仍巨大，尤在妊娠期患病率較高，需對貧血發生的影響因素進行干預，提高育齡期婦女的健康狀況。

[關鍵詞] 育齡婦女；貧血；患病率；調查

[中圖分類號] R173 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2014）02-0113-03

An investigation on anemia among childbearing women in Changji city

CHEN Ying ZHOU Dongmei CHEN Haijuan

Department of General Medicine， the People's Hospital of Changji City in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， Changji 831100， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the prevalance of anemia among childbearing women in Changji city and related factors， prevention and intervention measures were put forward. Methods Adopted cluster sampling method to monitor hemoglobin of these 8 709 childbearing women aged from 15 to 49 years among factories， organ， schools and pastoral areas of urban respectively. Chose hospitalized women patients which with anemia in childbearing age in 2011 and 2012， determinated the folic acid， vitamin B12 and ferritin. If necessary we can perform bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and other tests to clarify the cause. Simultaneously， conducted a questionnaire survey of the related factors， and through statistical analysis. Results In the survey， the prevalenc of anemia was 18.15% in 2011， while the rate was 19.36% in 2012. No significant difference was found in the prevalence between 2011 and 2012， so as the Changji city and the surronding pastoral areas. However， the prevalenc of anemia in pregnant women were significantly higher than women of childbearing age. Iron deficiency anemia was accounted for the mojority of patients with anemia. The investigation and analysis of factors related to the occurrence of anemia were age， nationality， occupation， drinking tea habit， menstruation，family income， previous history of chronic diseases， gastrointestinal symptoms and working pressure. Conclusion Despite the overall prevalence of anemia among childbearing women was low in Changji， but it was higher in pregnancy， so we must pay attention to it and prevant the main factors affecting anemia.

[Key words] Women of childbearing age； Anemia； Prevalence； Investigationendprint

育齡期婦女是指有生育能力、處于生育時期的女性，一般界定于15～49周歲之間，年齡跨度大，人數眾多，需經歷月經、懷孕、分娩、哺乳、避孕等特殊階段，而此階段婦女在社會和家庭中承擔著重要的作用，所以她們的健康問題是一個重要的公共衛生問題，需引起重視。……